Na'urar samar da ƙarshen tasha da yawa tana kammala zagayowarta don samar da rufaffiyar weld a ƙarshen bututun jan ƙarfe.
Ka yi tunanin rafi mai daraja inda aka yanke bututu da lankwasa.A wani yanki na shuka, ana sarrafa zoben da sauran kayan aikin injin sannan a tura su don a haɗa su don siyarwa ko akasin haka a ƙarshen bututun.Yanzu yi tunanin rafin darajar iri ɗaya, wannan lokacin ya ƙare.A wannan yanayin, tsara iyakar ba kawai yana ƙaruwa ko rage diamita na ƙarshen bututu ba, har ma yana haifar da wasu nau'o'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i) wanda aka sayar da su a wuri.
A fagen samar da bututun, fasahar samar da ƙarshen zamani ta haɓaka sannu a hankali, kuma fasahohin samarwa sun gabatar da matakan sarrafa kansa guda biyu a cikin tsarin.Da fari dai, ayyuka na iya haɗa matakai da yawa na ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun aiki a cikin yanki ɗaya na aiki - a zahiri, shigarwa ɗaya da aka gama.Abu na biyu, an haɗa wannan hadadden ƙaddamarwar ƙarshen tare da sauran hanyoyin sarrafa bututu kamar yanke da lankwasa.
Yawancin aikace-aikacen da ke da alaƙa da irin wannan nau'in ƙarewar atomatik suna cikin kera madaidaicin bututu (sau da yawa jan ƙarfe, aluminum ko bakin karfe) a cikin masana'antu kamar na kera motoci da HVAC.Anan, gyare-gyaren ƙarshen yana kawar da haɗin gwiwar injiniya da aka tsara don samar da haɗin kai mai tsauri don iska ko kwararar ruwa.Wannan bututu yawanci yana da diamita na waje na inci 1.5 ko ƙasa da haka.
Wasu ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa masu sarrafa kansu suna farawa da ƙananan bututun diamita waɗanda aka kawo a cikin coils.Da farko ta wuce ta na'urar daidaitawa sannan ta yanke tsayi.Robot ko na'urar inji sannan tana jigilar kayan aikin don yin siffa ta ƙarshe da lankwasawa.Tsarin bayyanar ya dogara da bukatun aikace-aikacen, ciki har da nisa tsakanin lanƙwasa da siffar karshe kanta.Wani lokaci mutum-mutumi na iya motsa aikin guda ɗaya daga ƙarshen-zuwa-lankwasawa da baya zuwa ƙarshen tsari idan aikace-aikacen yana buƙatar bututun da aka ƙera a ƙarshen duka biyun.
Yawan matakan samarwa, waɗanda ƙila sun haɗa da wasu ingantattun tsarin samar da ƙarshen bututu, yana sa wannan nau'in tantanin halitta ya zama mai fa'ida.A wasu tsarin, bututun ya ratsa ta tashoshi takwas na ƙarshe.Zayyana irin wannan shuka yana farawa da fahimtar abin da za a iya samu tare da gyare-gyaren ƙarshen zamani.
Akwai nau'ikan daidaitattun kayan aikin kafa na ƙarshe da yawa.Punches Punches sune "kayan aiki masu wuya" waɗanda ke samar da ƙarshen bututu, wanda ke rage ko fadada ƙarshen bututu zuwa diamita da ake so.Kayan aikin jujjuyawa suna chamfer ko fita daga bututun don tabbatar da fage mara fashe da kuma daidaitaccen gamawa.Sauran kayan aikin jujjuyawa suna aiwatar da tsarin birgima don ƙirƙirar tsagi, notches da sauran geometries (duba Hoto 1).
Ƙarshen ƙirar ƙirar ƙarshe na iya farawa tare da chamfering, wanda ke ba da wuri mai tsabta da tsayin tsayin tsayi tsakanin matsewa da ƙarshen bututu.Mutuwar naushi sannan ta aiwatar da aikin crimping (duba Hoto 2) ta hanyar faɗaɗawa da kwangilar bututun, yana haifar da wuce gona da iri don samar da zobe a kusa da diamita na waje (OD).Dangane da nau'in lissafi, sauran nau'in bugun tambari na iya saka barbs tare da diamita na waje na bututu (wannan yana taimakawa amintaccen tiyo zuwa bututu).Kayan aikin rotary zai iya yanke ta wani ɓangare na diamita na waje, sannan kayan aikin da ke yanke zaren a saman.
Madaidaicin jerin kayan aiki da hanyoyin da aka yi amfani da su ya dogara da aikace-aikacen.Tare da takwas tashoshi a cikin aiki yankin na wani karshen tsohon, jerin iya zama quite m.Misali, jerin bugun jini sannu a hankali suna haifar da ƙugiya a ƙarshen bututun, bugun guda ɗaya yana faɗaɗa ƙarshen bututun, sannan kuma wasu bugun jini guda biyu suna matsa ƙarshen don samar da tudu.Yin aiki a cikin matakai uku a yawancin lokuta yana ba ku damar samun beads na inganci mafi girma, kuma tsarin ƙaddamar da matsayi mai yawa yana sa wannan aiki na jere zai yiwu.
Ƙarshen tsara shirin yana aiwatar da jerin ayyuka don ingantaccen daidaito da maimaitawa.Sabbin tsoffin masu amfani da wutar lantarki na iya sarrafa ainihin matsayin mutuwarsu.Amma baya ga chamfer da zare, yawancin matakan gyaran fuska suna tasowa.Yadda nau'in karfe ya dogara da nau'in da ingancin kayan.
Yi la'akari da tsarin yin kwalliya kuma (duba hoto 3).Kamar rufaffiyar gefuna a cikin takarda, gefen rufaffiyar ba shi da gibi lokacin ƙirƙirar ƙare.Wannan yana ba da damar naushi don siffanta beads a daidai wurin.A haƙiƙa, naushin “ya huda” wani ƙulli na wani siffa.Me game da buɗaɗɗen dutsen da ke kama da gefuna da aka fallasa?Tazarar da ke tsakiyar ƙugiya na iya haifar da wasu matsalolin reproducibility a wasu aikace-aikace - aƙalla idan an siffata shi daidai da ƙyallen da aka rufe.Ƙunƙarar mutuwa na iya samar da beads masu buɗewa, amma tun da babu wani abu da zai goyi bayan dutsen daga diamita na ciki (ID) na bututu, ɗayan dutsen zai iya samun ɗan bambanci na geometry fiye da na gaba, wannan bambancin haƙuri yana iya yiwuwa ko a'a.
A mafi yawan lokuta, firam ɗin ƙarshen tashoshi da yawa na iya ɗaukar hanya ta daban.Punch ɗin ya fara faɗaɗa diamita na ciki na bututu, yana haifar da babu komai a cikin kayan.Kayan aiki na ƙirar ƙarshen abin nadi uku da aka ƙera tare da siffa mara kyau da ake so sannan a manne a kusa da diamita na waje na bututun kuma a naɗe dutsen.
Ƙarshen ƙarshe na ainihi na iya haifar da nau'i-nau'i iri-iri, ciki har da masu asymmetrical.Duk da haka, gyare-gyaren ƙare yana da iyakancewa, yawancin su suna da alaƙa da gyare-gyaren kayan.Kayan aiki zasu iya jure wa takamaiman kashi na lalacewa kawai.
Maganin zafi na nau'in nau'i ya dogara da nau'in kayan da aka yi tsarin.Tsarin su da jiyya na saman suna la'akari da bambance-bambancen digiri na juzu'i da sauran sigogin ƙirƙira na ƙarshe waɗanda suka dogara da kayan.Punches da aka tsara don sarrafa ƙarshen bututun bakin karfe suna da halaye daban-daban fiye da naushin da aka ƙera don sarrafa ƙarshen bututun aluminum.
Kayayyakin daban-daban kuma suna buƙatar nau'ikan mai.Don abubuwa masu wuya kamar bakin karfe, ana iya amfani da man ma'adinai mai kauri, kuma ga aluminum ko jan karfe, ana iya amfani da mai mara guba.Hanyoyin shafawa kuma sun bambanta.Yanke jujjuyawa da tsarin jujjuyawa yawanci suna amfani da hazo mai, yayin da stamping na iya amfani da jet ko hazo mai mai.A wasu naushi, mai yana gudana kai tsaye daga naushin zuwa diamita na ciki na bututu.
Matsakaicin ƙarshen tsohuwar suna da matakan soki daban-daban da ƙarfi.Sauran abubuwan daidai suke, bakin karfe mai ƙarfi zai buƙaci ƙarin matsawa da ƙarfi fiye da aluminum mai laushi.
Duban kusa-kusa na ƙarshen bututun, zaku iya ganin yadda na'urar ke haɓaka bututun kafin ƙullun su riƙe shi a wuri.Tsayar da jujjuyawa akai-akai, wato, tsayin ƙarfe wanda ya wuce abin da aka kafa, yana da mahimmanci.Don madaidaicin bututu waɗanda za a iya motsa su zuwa wasu tashoshi, kiyaye wannan shinge ba shi da wahala.
Halin yana canzawa lokacin fuskantar bututun da aka riga aka lanƙwasa (duba hoto 4).Tsarin lanƙwasawa na iya ƙara ɗanɗano bututun, wanda ke ƙara wani madaidaicin girma.A waɗannan saitunan, yankan orbital da fuskantar kayan aikin yanke da tsaftace ƙarshen bututun don tabbatar da inda ya kamata, kamar yadda aka tsara.
Tambayar ta taso don me, bayan lankwasawa, ana samun bututu?Yana da alaƙa da kayan aiki da ayyuka.A yawancin lokuta, ana sanya samfuri na ƙarshe kusa da lanƙwasawa da kansa ta yadda babu madaidaiciyar sassan da suka rage don kayan aikin birki don ɗauka yayin zagayowar lanƙwasawa.A cikin waɗannan lokuta, yana da sauƙi don tanƙwara bututu kuma ya wuce shi zuwa ƙarshen kafawa, inda aka riƙe shi a cikin ƙugiya daidai da radius lanƙwasa.Daga can, mai siffa na ƙarshe yana yanke kayan da suka wuce gona da iri, sannan ya haifar da joometry na ƙarshe da ake so (sake, kusa da lanƙwasa a ƙarshen).
A wasu lokuta, siffata ƙarshen kafin lanƙwasa na iya rikitar da tsarin zane na jujjuya, musamman idan siffar ƙarshen ta tsoma baki tare da kayan aikin lanƙwasawa.Misali, danne bututu don lankwasawa na iya karkatar da sifar karshen da aka yi a baya.Ƙirƙirar saitunan lanƙwasa waɗanda ba su lalata ƙirar ƙirar ƙarshe ta ƙarshe ta zama mafi matsala fiye da ƙimarsa.A cikin waɗannan lokuta, yana da sauƙi kuma mai rahusa don sake fasalin bututu bayan lanƙwasa.
Ƙarshen kafa sel na iya haɗawa da sauran hanyoyin samar da bututu (duba Hoto na 5).Wasu tsarin suna amfani da duka biyun lanƙwasa da ƙarewa, wanda shine haɗin gama gari idan aka yi la'akari da yadda tsarin biyu ke da alaƙa.Wasu ayyuka suna farawa ta hanyar kafa ƙarshen bututun madaidaiciya, sannan a ci gaba da lanƙwasa tare da jujjuyawar juyi don samar da radi, sannan kuma a koma na'ura ta ƙarshe zuwa injin sauran ƙarshen bututun.
Shinkafa2. Ana yin waɗannan naɗaɗɗen ƙarewa akan madaidaicin tashoshi da yawa, inda naushi mai naushi ya faɗaɗa diamita na ciki kuma wani yana matsawa kayan don samar da katako.
A wannan yanayin, jerin suna sarrafa canjin tsari.Misali, tun da na biyu karshen kafa aiki faruwa bayan lankwasawa, da dogo yankan da kuma kawo karshen trimming ayyuka a kan karshen kafa inji samar da akai overhang kuma mafi ingancin karshen siffar.Da ƙarin kamanni kayan, da ƙarin reproducible tsarin gyare-gyaren ƙarshe zai kasance.
Ba tare da la'akari da haɗakar hanyoyin da ake amfani da su a cikin tantanin halitta mai sarrafa kansa ba - ko yana lanƙwasa da daidaita ƙarshen, ko saitin da ke farawa tare da murɗa bututu - yadda bututun ke wucewa ta matakai daban-daban ya dogara da bukatun aikace-aikacen.A wasu tsarin, ana ciyar da bututu kai tsaye daga nadi ta hanyar tsarin daidaitawa zuwa cikin riko na rotary bender.Wadannan ƙuƙumma suna riƙe da bututu yayin da tsarin ƙirar ƙarshe ya koma matsayi.Da zaran ƙarshen kafa tsarin ya kammala zagayowar sa, na'urar lanƙwasa rotary ta fara tashi.Bayan lankwasawa, da kayan aiki yanke da ƙãre workpiece.Za a iya tsara tsarin don yin aiki tare da diamita daban-daban, ta yin amfani da nau'i na musamman ya mutu a ƙarshen tsohon da kayan aikin da aka tara a hannun hagu da na dama na rotary benders.
Duk da haka, idan aikace-aikacen lanƙwasa yana buƙatar yin amfani da ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙafa a cikin diamita na ciki na bututu, saitin ba zai yi aiki ba saboda bututun da aka ciyar a cikin tsarin lanƙwasa yana zuwa kai tsaye daga spool.Wannan tsari kuma bai dace da bututu ba inda ake buƙatar sifa a ƙarshen duka.
A cikin waɗannan lokuta, na'urar da ta haɗa da wasu haɗin watsawa na inji da na'urori na zamani na iya wadatar.Misali, ana iya kwance bututu, a kwance, a yanke, sannan robobin zai sanya guntun da aka yanke a cikin lanƙwasa mai jujjuya, inda za a iya sanya maɗauran ƙwallon ƙafa don hana lalacewar bangon bututu yayin lanƙwasawa.Daga can, mutum-mutumi zai iya motsa bututun da aka lanƙwasa zuwa mai siffar ƙarshe.Tabbas, tsarin ayyukan na iya canzawa dangane da buƙatun aikin.
Ana iya amfani da irin waɗannan tsarin don samarwa mai girma ko ƙananan sarrafawa, misali, sassa 5 na siffar ɗaya, sassa 10 na wata siffar, da sassa 200 na wani siffar.Tsarin na'ura kuma zai iya bambanta dangane da jerin ayyukan, musamman ma idan ya zo wurin sanya kayan aiki da kuma samar da abubuwan da suka dace don nau'o'in aiki daban-daban (duba siffa 6).Misali, faifan bidiyo masu hawa a ƙarshen bayanin martaba waɗanda ke karɓar gwiwar hannu dole ne su sami isasshen izini don riƙe gwiwar hannu a kowane lokaci.
Madaidaicin tsari yana ba da damar ayyukan layi daya.Misali, mutum-mutumi na iya sanya bututu zuwa ƙarshen baya, sannan kuma lokacin da na ƙarshen ke hawan keke, mutum-mutumin na iya ciyar da wani bututu a cikin injin rotary.
Don sababbin tsarin da aka shigar, masu shirye-shirye za su shigar da samfuran fayil ɗin aiki.Don gyare-gyaren ƙarshe, wannan na iya haɗawa da cikakkun bayanai kamar ƙimar ciyarwar bugun bugun naushi, tsakiya tsakanin naushi da nip, ko adadin juyi don aikin mirgina.Duk da haka, da zarar waɗannan samfuran suna aiki, shirye-shiryen yana da sauri da sauƙi, tare da mai tsara shirye-shiryen yana daidaita tsarin kuma da farko ya saita sigogi don dacewa da aikace-aikacen yanzu.
Hakanan ana saita irin waɗannan tsarin don haɗawa a cikin yanayin masana'antu 4.0 tare da kayan aikin kiyaye tsinkaya waɗanda ke auna zafin injin da sauran bayanai, da kuma saka idanu na kayan aiki (misali, adadin sassan da aka samar a cikin wani ɗan lokaci).
A sararin sama, simintin ƙarshe zai zama mafi sassauƙa kawai.Bugu da ƙari, tsarin yana iyakance dangane da kashi dari.Koyaya, babu abin da zai hana injiniyoyin ƙirƙira haɓaka na'urori masu siffa ta musamman.A wasu ayyuka, ana saka mutun mai naushi a cikin diamita na ciki na bututun kuma yana tilasta bututun ya faɗaɗa cikin ramukan da ke cikin matse kanta.Wasu kayan aikin suna ƙirƙirar siffofi na ƙarshe waɗanda ke faɗaɗa digiri 45, yana haifar da sifar asymmetrical.
Tushen ga duk wannan shine damar madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin siffa.Lokacin da za'a iya aiwatar da ayyuka "a mataki ɗaya", akwai dama daban-daban don samuwar ƙarshe.
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Lokacin aikawa: Janairu-08-2023