Bakin karfe ba lallai bane yana da wahala, amma yana buƙatar kulawa ta musamman ga daki-daki lokacin walda.

Bakin karfe ba lallai bane yana da wahala, amma yana buƙatar kulawa ta musamman ga daki-daki lokacin walda.Ba ya watsar da zafi kamar ƙaramin ƙarfe ko aluminum kuma yana rasa wasu juriyar lalatarsa ​​idan ya yi zafi sosai.Mafi kyawun ayyuka suna taimakawa kiyaye juriyar lalata ta.Hoto: Miller Electric
Juriya na lalata bakin karfe ya sa ya zama zaɓi mai ban sha'awa don aikace-aikacen bututu masu yawa, gami da abinci da abin sha mai tsafta, magunguna, tasoshin matsa lamba da kuma petrochemicals.Duk da haka, wannan kayan ba ya watsar da zafi kamar ƙananan ƙarfe ko aluminum, kuma dabarun walda mara kyau na iya rage juriya na lalata.Aiwatar da zafi mai yawa da yin amfani da ƙarfe mara kyau na filler masu laifi biyu ne.
Riko da wasu mafi kyawun ayyukan walda bakin karfe na iya taimakawa inganta sakamako da tabbatar da cewa ana kiyaye juriyar gurɓataccen ƙarfe.Bugu da kari, haɓaka hanyoyin walda na iya ƙara yawan aiki ba tare da sadaukar da inganci ba.
Lokacin walda bakin karfe, zaɓin karfen filler yana da mahimmanci don sarrafa abun cikin carbon.Ƙarfin filler da ake amfani da shi don walda bututun ƙarfe dole ne ya inganta aikin walda kuma ya dace da buƙatun aiki.
Nemo karafa masu filaye na "L" kamar ER308L yayin da suke samar da ƙaramin adadin carbon wanda ke taimakawa kula da juriya na lalata a cikin ƙananan ƙarfe na bakin karfe.Welding ƙananan kayan carbon tare da daidaitattun ƙarfe na filler yana ƙara abun cikin carbon na walda don haka yana ƙara haɗarin lalata.Guji karafa masu cika “H” saboda suna da mafi girman abun ciki na carbon kuma an yi niyya don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ƙarfin ƙarfi a yanayin zafi mai tsayi.
Lokacin walda bakin karfe, yana da mahimmanci kuma a zaɓi ƙarfe mai cike da ƙarancin abubuwan ganowa (wanda kuma aka sani da takarce).Waɗannan abubuwa ne da suka saura daga kayan da ake amfani da su don yin ƙarafa masu filler kuma sun haɗa da antimony, arsenic, phosphorus da sulfur.Suna iya tasiri sosai ga juriya na lalata kayan.
Saboda bakin karfe yana da matukar damuwa ga shigarwar zafi, shirye-shiryen haɗin gwiwa da haɗuwa mai dacewa suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen sarrafa zafi don kula da kayan abu.Rata tsakanin sassa ko rashin daidaituwa yana buƙatar fitilar ta tsaya a wuri ɗaya ya daɗe, kuma ana buƙatar ƙarin ƙarfe don cike waɗannan gibin.Wannan yana haifar da haɓakar zafi a yankin da abin ya shafa, wanda ke haifar da yanayin zafi.Shigar da ba daidai ba kuma na iya yin wahalar rufe giɓi da cimma shigar da ake buƙata na walda.Mun tabbatar da cewa sassan sun zo kusa da bakin karfe kamar yadda zai yiwu.
Tsaftar wannan kayan kuma yana da mahimmanci.Ko da ƙaramin adadin gurɓatawa ko datti a cikin walda na iya haifar da lahani waɗanda ke rage ƙarfi da juriyar lalata samfurin ƙarshe.Don tsaftace karfen tushe kafin waldawa, yi amfani da goga na musamman don bakin karfe wanda ba a yi amfani da shi da karfen carbon ko aluminum ba.
A cikin bakin karfe, hankali shine babban dalilin asarar juriyar lalata.Wannan yana faruwa a lokacin da zafin walda da yanayin sanyaya ya canza da yawa, yana haifar da canji a cikin microstructure na kayan.
Wannan walda na waje akan bututun bakin karfe an yi masa walda da GMAW da kuma sarrafa karfen feshi (RMD) kuma tushen weld din bai koma baya ba kuma ya yi kama da kamanni da inganci ga waldan baya na GTAW.
Babban ɓangaren juriya na lalata na bakin karfe shine chromium oxide.Amma idan abun ciki na carbon da ke cikin walda ya yi yawa, ana samun chromium carbides.Suna ɗaure chromium kuma suna hana samuwar chromium oxide da ake buƙata, wanda ke sa bakin karfe ya jure lalata.Ba tare da isasshen chromium oxide ba, kayan ba zai sami abubuwan da ake so ba kuma lalata zai faru.
Rigakafin hankali ya zo ƙasa zuwa zaɓin zaɓi na ƙarfe da sarrafa shigar da zafi.Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, yana da mahimmanci don zaɓar ƙarfe mai cike da ƙarancin carbon yayin walda bakin karfe.Koyaya, ana buƙatar carbon wani lokaci don samar da ƙarfi ga wasu aikace-aikace.Kula da zafi yana da mahimmanci musamman lokacin da ƙananan karafa na filler ba su dace ba.
Rage lokacin da walda da HAZ ke cikin yanayin zafi, yawanci 950 zuwa 1500 Fahrenheit (digiri 500 zuwa 800 ma'aunin celcius).Kadan lokacin da kuke kashewa a cikin wannan kewayon, ƙarancin zafi za ku haifar.Koyaushe bincika kuma kula da zafin tsaka-tsaki a cikin hanyar walda da ake amfani da ita.
Wani zabin kuma shine a yi amfani da karafa na filler tare da abubuwan hadewa kamar titanium da niobium don hana samuwar chromium carbides.Saboda waɗannan abubuwan da aka gyara suma suna shafar ƙarfi da tauri, ba za a iya amfani da waɗannan karafa na filler a duk aikace-aikace ba.
Tushen wucewa walda ta amfani da gas tungsten arc waldi (GTAW) hanya ce ta gargajiya don walda bututun bakin karfe.Wannan yawanci yana buƙatar goyan bayan argon don hana iskar shaka a gefen walda.Koyaya, ga bututun ƙarfe da bututun ƙarfe, amfani da hanyoyin walda waya yana ƙara zama ruwan dare.A cikin waɗannan lokuta, yana da mahimmanci a fahimci yadda iskar garkuwa daban-daban ke shafar juriyar lalata kayan.
Welding Arc na Gas (GMAW) na bakin karfe bisa ga al'ada yana amfani da argon da carbon dioxide, cakuda argon da oxygen, ko cakuda iskar gas uku (helium, argon da carbon dioxide).Yawanci, waɗannan gaurayawan sun ƙunshi farko na argon ko helium tare da ƙasa da 5% carbon dioxide, tunda carbon dioxide zai iya shigar da carbon a cikin narkakken wanka kuma yana ƙara haɗarin haɓakawa.Ba a ba da shawarar tsaftataccen argon don GMAW bakin karfe ba.
Cored waya don bakin karfe an ƙera don amfani tare da cakuda gargajiya na 75% argon da 25% carbon dioxide.Fluxes sun ƙunshi sinadarai da aka ƙera don hana gurbata walda ta carbon daga iskar kariya.
Kamar yadda tsarin GMAW ya samo asali, sun sauƙaƙa walda bututu da bututun bakin karfe.Yayin da wasu aikace-aikacen na iya buƙatar tsarin GTAW, ci-gaba da sarrafa waya na iya samar da inganci iri ɗaya da mafi girma a aikace-aikacen bakin karfe da yawa.
ID bakin karfe welds da aka yi tare da GMAW RMD sun yi kama da inganci da kamanni zuwa madaidaitan OD welds.
Tushen yana wucewa ta amfani da tsarin GMAW gajeriyar da'ira da aka gyara irin su Miller's control metal deposition (RMD) yana kawar da koma baya a wasu aikace-aikacen bakin karfe na austenitic.Za a iya bin hanyar wucewar tushen RMD ta GMAW mai pulsed ko waldawar baka mai jujjuyawa don cikawa da rufe hanyar wucewa, zaɓin da ke adana lokaci da kuɗi idan aka kwatanta da GTAW na baya, musamman akan manyan bututu.
RMD yana amfani da madaidaiciyar gajeriyar hanyar canja wurin karfe don ƙirƙirar kwanciyar hankali, barga da tafkin walda.Wannan yana rage damar ciwon sanyi ko rashin haɗuwa, yana rage spatter kuma yana inganta ingancin tushen bututu.Daidaitaccen canjin ƙarfe da aka sarrafa shi kuma yana tabbatar da jibgewar ɗigon ruwa iri ɗaya da sauƙin sarrafa tafkin walda, ta haka yana sarrafa shigar da zafi da saurin walda.
Hanyoyin da ba na al'ada ba na iya inganta yawan aikin walda.Ana iya bambanta saurin walda daga 6 zuwa 12 ipm lokacin amfani da RMD.Saboda wannan tsari yana inganta aikin ba tare da ƙarin dumama sashi ba, yana taimakawa wajen kula da aiki da juriyar lalata na bakin karfe.Rage shigarwar zafi na tsari kuma yana taimakawa wajen sarrafa nakasar ƙasa.
Wannan tsarin GMAW da aka buga yana ba da gajeriyar tsayin baka, kunkuntar baka, da ƙarancin shigarwar zafi fiye da jet na al'ada.Tunda an rufe tsarin, zazzagewar baka da sauye-sauye a nesa daga tip zuwa wurin aiki kusan an kawar da su.Wannan yana sauƙaƙa sarrafa tafkin walda duka lokacin walda a wurin da kuma lokacin walda a wajen wurin aiki.A ƙarshe, haɗin GMAW mai bugun jini don cikawa da rufewa tare da RMD don fasfon tushen yana ba da damar hanyoyin waldawa da waya ɗaya da gas ɗaya, yana rage lokutan canjin tsari.
An ƙaddamar da Tube & Pipe Journal a cikin 1990 a matsayin mujallar farko da aka sadaukar don masana'antar bututun ƙarfe.A yau, ya kasance bugu na masana'antu kawai a Arewacin Amurka kuma ya zama mafi amintaccen tushen bayanai ga ƙwararrun tubing.
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