SS 304 mara nauyi da 316 Bakin Karfe Coiled Tube mai siyarwa a china

Kamar yadda matsalolin kasuwa ke tilasta masu bututun bututu da masu samar da bututun bututu don nemo hanyoyin da za a kara yawan aiki yayin saduwa da ingantattun ka'idoji, zabar mafi kyawun hanyoyin sarrafawa da tsarin tallafi yana da mahimmanci fiye da kowane lokaci.Yayin da yawancin masana'antun bututu da bututu suka dogara da binciken ƙarshe, a yawancin lokuta masana'antun suna gwadawa a baya a cikin tsarin masana'anta don gano lahani ko na'urar aiki da wuri.Wannan ba kawai yana rage sharar gida ba, har ma yana rage farashin da ke hade da zubar da kayan da ba su da lahani.Wannan hanya a ƙarshe tana haifar da riba mai yawa.Don waɗannan dalilai, ƙara tsarin gwaji mara lalacewa (NDT) ga shuka yana da ma'anar tattalin arziki mai kyau.

Abubuwa da yawa-nau'in kayan abu, diamita, kauri na bango, saurin sarrafawa, da waldawar bututu ko hanyar ƙirƙira-yana ƙayyade mafi kyawun gwaji.Waɗannan abubuwan kuma suna tasiri zaɓin halaye na hanyar sarrafawa da aka yi amfani da su.
Ana amfani da gwajin Eddy current (ET) a aikace-aikacen bututu da yawa.Wannan gwaji ne mara tsada wanda za'a iya amfani dashi a cikin bututun bango na bakin ciki, yawanci har zuwa kaurin bangon inci 0.250.Ya dace da duka kayan magnetic da kayan da ba na maganadisu ba.
Na'urori masu auna firikwensin ko coils na gwaji sun faɗi cikin manyan rukunai biyu: annular da tangential.Ƙwayoyin dawafi suna bincika gabaɗayan ɓangaren giciye na bututun, yayin da tangential coils na bincika yankin walda kawai.
Rufe spools suna gano lahani a duk faɗin tsiri mai shigowa, ba kawai yankin walda ba, kuma gabaɗaya sun fi tasiri wajen bincika masu girma ƙasa da inci 2 a diamita.Suna kuma jure wa ƙaura yankin walda.Babban rashin lahani shi ne wucewar tsirin abinci ta cikin injin mirgina yana buƙatar ƙarin matakai da kulawa ta musamman kafin ya wuce ta cikin nadi na gwaji.Har ila yau, idan coil ɗin gwajin ya matse zuwa diamita, mummunan walda zai iya haifar da tsagewar bututu, wanda zai haifar da lalacewa ga na'urar gwajin.
Juyawa Tangential duba ƙaramin yanki na kewayen bututu.A cikin manyan aikace-aikacen diamita, yin amfani da coils na tangential maimakon murɗaɗɗen coils sau da yawa zai ba da mafi kyawun sigina-zuwa amo (ma'auni na ƙarfin siginar gwaji tare da sigina a tsaye a bango).Har ila yau, muryoyin tangential ba sa buƙatar zaren kuma suna da sauƙin daidaitawa daga masana'anta.Abin da ya rage shi ne cewa kawai suna duba wuraren sayar da kayayyaki.Ya dace da manyan bututun diamita, ana iya amfani da su don ƙananan bututu idan an sarrafa matsayin walda.
Za a iya gwada coils na kowane nau'i don hutun lokaci.Duban lahani, wanda kuma aka sani da sifili dubawa ko bambance-bambance, yana ci gaba da kwatanta walda zuwa sassan da ke kusa da karfen tushe kuma yana kula da ƙananan canje-canjen da aka samu ta hanyar katsewa.Mafi dacewa don gano gajerun lahani kamar ramuka ko ramukan walda, wanda shine hanya ta farko da ake amfani da ita a yawancin aikace-aikacen niƙa.
Gwaji na biyu, cikakkiyar hanya, ta gano rashin amfanin magana.Wannan mafi sauƙi nau'i na ET yana buƙatar mai aiki don daidaita tsarin ta hanyar lantarki akan abu mai kyau.Baya ga gano manyan canje-canje masu ci gaba, yana kuma gano canje-canje a cikin kaurin bango.
Yin amfani da waɗannan hanyoyin ET guda biyu bai kamata ya zama matsala ta musamman ba.Ana iya amfani da su a lokaci guda tare da coil ɗin gwaji guda ɗaya idan na'urar tana da kayan aiki don yin haka.
A ƙarshe, wurin jiki na mai gwadawa yana da mahimmanci.Kayayyaki kamar yanayin zafi da girgizar niƙa waɗanda ake watsawa zuwa bututu na iya shafar jeri.Sanya coil ɗin gwajin kusa da ɗakin walda yana ba ma'aikacin bayanin nan take game da tsarin walda.Koyaya, ana iya buƙatar na'urori masu jure zafi ko ƙarin sanyaya.Sanya coil ɗin gwajin kusa da ƙarshen injin yana ba da damar gano lahani da aka samu ta hanyar ƙima ko siffa;duk da haka, yiwuwar ƙararrawar ƙarya ya fi girma saboda na'urar firikwensin yana kusa da tsarin yankewa a wannan wuri, inda za a iya gano girgiza lokacin da ake gani ko yanke.
Gwajin Ultrasonic (UT) yana amfani da bugun jini na makamashin lantarki kuma yana canza su zuwa ƙarfin sauti mai ƙarfi.Ana watsa waɗannan raƙuman sauti zuwa kayan da ake gwadawa ta hanyar matsakaici kamar ruwa ko mai sanyaya niƙa.Sautin yana jujjuya shi, daidaitawar mai fassara yana ƙayyade ko tsarin yana neman lahani ko auna kaurin bango.Saitin transducers yana haifar da kwatancen yankin walda.Hanyar ultrasonic ba ta iyakance ta kauri daga bangon bututu ba.
Don amfani da tsarin UT azaman kayan aikin aunawa, ma'aikaci yana buƙatar daidaita mai transducer ta yadda ya kasance daidai da bututu.Raƙuman sauti suna shigar da diamita na waje na bututun, su billa diamita na ciki, sannan su koma wurin transducer.Tsarin yana auna lokacin wucewa - lokacin da ake ɗaukar igiyar sauti don tafiya daga diamita na waje zuwa diamita na ciki - kuma yana canza lokacin zuwa ma'aunin kauri.Dangane da yanayin niƙa, wannan saitin yana ba da damar ma'aunin kaurin bango ya zama daidai zuwa ± 0.001 in.
Don gano lahani na kayan aiki, mai aiki yana daidaita firikwensin a kusurwar da ba ta dace ba.Raƙuman sauti suna shiga daga diamita na waje, suna tafiya zuwa diamita na ciki, suna nunawa a baya zuwa diamita na waje, don haka suna tafiya tare da bango.Rashin daidaituwa na walda yana haifar da tunanin motsin sauti;Hakanan yana komawa ga mai canzawa, wanda ke mayar da shi zuwa makamashin lantarki kuma ya haifar da nuni na gani wanda ke nuna wurin da lahani yake.Hakanan siginar yana wucewa ta ƙofofin lahani waɗanda ke kunna ƙararrawa don sanar da mai aiki, ko fara tsarin fenti wanda ke nuna wurin lahanin.
Tsarukan UT na iya amfani da transducer guda ɗaya (ko masu fassara abubuwa guda ɗaya) ko tsararrun masu fassara.
UT na gargajiya suna amfani da firikwensin kashi ɗaya ko fiye ɗaya.Yawan bincike ya dogara da tsayin lahani da ake tsammani, saurin layi da sauran buƙatun gwaji.
The phased array ultrasonic analyzer yana amfani da abubuwa masu canzawa da yawa a cikin gidaje guda.Tsarin sarrafawa ta hanyar lantarki yana jagorantar raƙuman sauti don bincika yankin walda ba tare da canza matsayi na transducer ba.Tsarin na iya yin ayyuka kamar gano lahani, auna kaurin bango, da bin diddigin canje-canje a cikin tsaftace harshen wuta na wuraren walda.Ana iya yin waɗannan hanyoyin gwaji da aunawa lokaci guda.Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa tsarin tsararru na iya jure wa wasu ɗigon walda saboda tsararrun na iya rufe babban yanki fiye da na'urori masu auna tsayayyen matsayi na gargajiya.
Hanyar gwaji ta uku mara lalacewa, Magnetic Flux Leakage (MFL), ana amfani da ita don gwada manyan diamita, mai kauri da bututun maganadisu.Ya dace sosai don aikace-aikacen mai da iskar gas.
MFL yana amfani da filin maganadisu mai ƙarfi na DC wanda ke wucewa ta cikin bututu ko bangon bututu.Ƙarfin filin maganadisu yana gabatowa cikakken jikewa, ko kuma inda duk wani haɓakar ƙarfin maganadisu baya haifar da ƙaruwa mai yawa a cikin ƙarfin maganadisu.Lokacin da motsin maganadisu ya yi karo da lahani a cikin wani abu, sakamakon murdiya na maganadisu na iya sa shi ya tashi ko kumfa daga saman.
Ana iya gano irin waɗannan kumfa na iska ta amfani da binciken waya mai sauƙi tare da filin maganadisu.Kamar yadda yake tare da sauran aikace-aikacen ji na maganadisu, tsarin yana buƙatar motsi na dangi tsakanin kayan da ke ƙarƙashin gwaji da bincike.Ana samun wannan motsi ta hanyar jujjuya maganadisu da taron bincike a kusa da kewayen bututu ko bututu.Don ƙara saurin sarrafawa a cikin irin waɗannan shigarwa, ana amfani da ƙarin na'urori masu auna firikwensin (sake, tsararru) ko tsararru da yawa.
Toshewar MFL mai jujjuyawa na iya gano lahani mai tsayi ko juzu'i.Bambanci ya ta'allaka ne a cikin daidaitawar tsarin magnetization da kuma ƙirar bincike.A cikin duka biyun, siginar tace tana sarrafa tsarin gano lahani da banbance tsakanin wuraren ID da OD.
MFL yayi kama da ET kuma suna haɗa juna.ET don samfuran da ke da kaurin bango ƙasa da 0.250 ″ kuma MFL don samfurori ne masu kaurin bango fiye da haka.
Ɗaya daga cikin fa'idodin MFL akan UT shine ikonsa na gano lahani mara kyau.Misali, ana iya gano lahani mai sauƙi ta amfani da MFL.Rashin lahani a cikin wannan madaidaicin daidaitacce, kodayake UT na iya ganowa, yana buƙatar takamaiman saituna zuwa kusurwar da aka yi niyya.
Kuna son ƙarin sani game da wannan batu?Masu masana'anta da Ƙungiyar Manufacturers (FMA) suna da ƙarin bayani.Marubuta Phil Meinzinger da William Hoffmann suna ba da cikakkiyar rana na bayanai da umarni kan ƙa'idodi, zaɓuɓɓukan kayan aiki, saiti, da amfani da waɗannan hanyoyin.Taron ya gudana ne a ranar 10 ga Nuwamba a hedkwatar FMA a Elgin, Illinois (kusa da Chicago).Rajista a buɗe take ga halartan kama-da-wane da kuma cikin mutum.Don ƙarin koyo.
An ƙaddamar da Tube & Pipe Journal a cikin 1990 a matsayin mujallar farko da aka sadaukar don masana'antar bututun ƙarfe.Har wala yau, ita ce kawai littafin da aka mayar da hankali kan masana'antu a Arewacin Amurka kuma ya zama tushen tushen bayanai ga kwararrun tubing.
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