Ko da kuwa yadda aka yi ɗanyen ƙarfe a cikin bututu ko bututu, aikin masana'anta ya bar babban adadin abin da ya rage a saman.Ƙirƙira da walƙiya a kan injin birgima, zana a kan tebur, ko yin amfani da tudu ko fitar da tsari wanda aka yanke zuwa tsayin daka zai iya sa bututu ko saman bututu ya zama mai maiko kuma yana iya zama toshe da tarkace.Abubuwan gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abu da ake buƙatar cirewa daga saman ciki da waje sun haɗa da man shafawa na mai da ruwa daga zane da yanke, tarkacen ƙarfe daga ayyukan yanke, da ƙurar masana'anta da tarkace.
Hanyoyi na yau da kullun don tsaftace bututun cikin gida da magudanar iska, ko tare da mafita mai ruwa ko kaushi, sun yi kama da waɗanda ake amfani da su don tsaftace saman waje.Waɗannan sun haɗa da flushing, plugging da ultrasonic cavitation.Duk waɗannan hanyoyin suna da tasiri kuma an yi amfani da su shekaru da yawa.
Tabbas, kowane tsari yana da iyakancewa, kuma waɗannan hanyoyin tsaftacewa ba banda bane.Flushing yawanci yana buƙatar nau'in hannu kuma yana rasa tasirin sa yayin da saurin ruwan ya ragu yayin da ruwan ya tunkari saman bututu (tasirin iyakar iyaka) (duba Hoto 1).Shiryawa yana aiki da kyau, amma yana da wahala sosai kuma ba zai yuwu ba don ƙananan diamita kamar waɗanda ake amfani da su a aikace-aikacen likita (bututun subcutaneous ko haske).Ƙarfin Ultrasonic yana da tasiri wajen tsaftace saman waje, amma ba zai iya shiga cikin tudu mai wuya ba kuma yana da wahalar isa ciki na bututu, musamman ma lokacin da samfurin ya haɗu.Wani hasara shi ne cewa ultrasonic makamashi na iya haifar da lalacewa ga surface.Ana share kumfa mai sauti ta hanyar cavitation, yana sakin babban adadin kuzari kusa da saman.
Madadin waɗannan hanyoyin shine vacuum cyclic nucleation (VCN), wanda ke haifar da kumfa gas don girma da rushewa don motsa ruwa.Ainihin, ba kamar tsarin ultrasonic ba, baya haɗarin lalata saman ƙarfe.
VCN tana amfani da kumfa mai iska don tada hankali da cire ruwa daga cikin bututun.Wannan tsari ne na nutsewa wanda ke aiki a cikin injin daskarewa kuma ana iya amfani da shi tare da tushen ruwa da magudanar ruwa.
Yana aiki akan ka'idar da kumfa ke samuwa lokacin da ruwa ya fara tafasa a cikin tukunya.Kumfa na farko suna samuwa a wasu wurare, musamman a cikin tukwane da aka yi amfani da su sosai.Bincika a hankali na waɗannan wuraren sau da yawa yana nuna rashin ƙarfi ko wasu lahani a cikin waɗannan wuraren.A cikin waɗannan wuraren ne saman kwanon rufi ya fi haɗuwa da ƙarar da aka ba da ruwa.Bugu da ƙari, tun da waɗannan wuraren ba su da yanayin sanyi mai sanyi, kumfa na iska na iya samuwa cikin sauƙi.
A cikin tafasasshen zafi, ana canza zafi zuwa ruwa don ɗaga zafinsa zuwa wurin tafasa.Lokacin da aka kai wurin tafasa, zafin jiki yana daina tashi;ƙara ƙarin sakamakon zafi a cikin tururi, da farko a cikin nau'i na kumfa.Lokacin da zafi ya yi sauri, duk ruwan da ke saman ya juya ya zama tururi, wanda aka sani da tafasar fim.
Ga abin da zai faru idan aka kawo tukunyar ruwa ta tafasa: na farko, kumfa na iska suna fitowa a wasu wurare a saman tukunyar, sannan kuma yayin da ruwan ya tashi da motsawa, ruwa ya tashi da sauri daga saman.Kusa da farfajiya akwai tururi marar ganuwa;lokacin da tururi ya huce daga cudanya da iskar da ke kewaye, sai ya taso cikin tururin ruwa, wanda a fili yake gani yayin da yake kan tukunyar.
Kowa ya san cewa hakan zai faru a zazzabin Fahrenheit 212 (digiri Celsius 100), amma wannan ba duka ba.Wannan yana faruwa a wannan zafin jiki da madaidaicin yanayin yanayi, wanda shine fam 14.7 a kowace inci murabba'i (PSI [1 bar]).Wato, a ranar da karfin iska a matakin teku ya kai 14.7 psi, wurin tafasar ruwa a matakin teku ya kai digiri Fahrenheit 212;A wannan rana a cikin tsaunuka mai nisan ƙafa 5,000 a wannan yanki, matsi na yanayi ya kai fam 12.2 a kowace murabba'in inci, inda ruwan zai sami wurin tafasa na Fahrenheit 203.
Maimakon ƙara yawan zafin ruwa zuwa wurin da yake tafasa, tsarin VCN yana rage matsa lamba a cikin ɗakin zuwa wurin tafasar ruwan a yanayin zafi.Kama da canja wurin zafi mai zafi, lokacin da matsa lamba ya kai wurin tafasa, zafin jiki da matsa lamba suna kasancewa koyaushe.Ana kiran wannan matsa lamba matsa lamba.Lokacin da saman ciki na bututu ko bututu ya cika da tururi, saman waje ya cika tururi da ake bukata don kula da matsa lamba a cikin ɗakin.
Kodayake canja wurin zafi mai zafi yana misalta ka'idar VCN, tsarin VCN yana aiki da sabanin tafasa.
Zaɓin tsarin tsaftacewa.Ƙirƙirar kumfa tsari ne na zaɓi wanda ke nufin share wasu wurare.Cire duk iska yana rage matsa lamba na yanayi zuwa 0 psi, wanda shine matsa lamba, yana haifar da tururi a saman.Ci gaban kumfa na iska yana kawar da ruwa daga saman bututu ko bututun ƙarfe.Lokacin da injin ya fito, ɗakin zai dawo zuwa matsa lamba na yanayi kuma an share shi, sabon ruwa yana cika bututu don sake zagayowar vacuum na gaba.Ana saita hawan keke / matsa lamba yawanci zuwa 1 zuwa 3 seconds kuma ana iya saita shi zuwa kowane adadin zagayowar ya danganta da girman da gurɓacewar aikin.
Amfanin wannan tsari shine cewa yana tsaftace saman bututu yana farawa daga gurɓataccen yanki.Yayin da tururi ke tsiro, ana tura ruwa zuwa saman bututun kuma yana haɓakawa, yana haifar da tsauri mai ƙarfi akan bangon bututu.Babban tashin hankali yana faruwa a bango, inda tururi ke tsiro.Mahimmanci, wannan tsari yana rushe layin iyaka, yana kiyaye ruwa kusa da babban yuwuwar sinadarai.A kan fig.2 yana nuna matakan tsari guda biyu ta amfani da maganin surfactant 0.1% mai ruwa.
Don tururi ya fito, dole ne kumfa su fito a kan wani tafarki mai ƙarfi.Wannan yana nufin cewa tsarin tsaftacewa yana tafiya daga saman zuwa ruwa.Hakanan mahimmanci, kumfa nucleation yana farawa da ƙananan kumfa waɗanda ke haɗuwa a saman, a ƙarshe suna samar da kumfa.Saboda haka, nucleation yana goyon bayan yankuna masu girman fili sama da yawan ruwa, kamar bututu da bututu a cikin diamita.
Saboda lanƙwan bututun, tururi yana iya fitowa a cikin bututun.Saboda kumfa mai sauƙi yana samuwa a diamita na ciki, tururi yana farawa a can da sauri isa ya kawar da kashi 70 zuwa 80% na ruwa.Ruwan da ke saman da ke saman lokacin injin ya kusan kusan 100% tururi, wanda ke kwaikwayon fim ɗin tafasa a cikin canja wurin zafi.
Tsarin nucleation yana amfani da samfuran madaidaiciya, masu lanƙwasa ko murɗaɗɗen kusan kowane tsayi ko tsari.
Nemo boye-boye tanadi.Tsarin ruwa ta amfani da VCN na iya rage farashi sosai.Saboda tsarin yana kiyaye yawan adadin sinadarai saboda ƙarar haɗuwa kusa da saman bututu (duba Hoto na 1), yawan adadin sinadarai ba a buƙata don sauƙaƙe yaduwar sinadarai.Yin aiki da sauri da tsaftacewa kuma yana haifar da haɓaka mafi girma ga na'ura da aka ba, don haka ƙara farashin kayan aiki.
A ƙarshe, duka hanyoyin VCN na tushen ruwa da ƙarfi na iya ƙara yawan aiki ta hanyar bushewa.Wannan baya buƙatar wani ƙarin kayan aiki, sashi ne kawai na tsari.
Saboda tsarin rufaffiyar ɗakin da kuma yanayin zafi, ana iya daidaita tsarin VCN ta hanyoyi daban-daban.
Ana amfani da tsarin sake zagayowar vacuum don tsaftace sassan tubular masu girma dabam da aikace-aikace, kamar ƙananan na'urorin likitanci (hagu) da manyan raƙuman raƙuman raƙuman ruwa (dama).
Don tsarin tushen ƙarfi, ana iya amfani da wasu hanyoyin tsaftacewa kamar tururi da feshi ban da VCN.A wasu aikace-aikace na musamman, ana iya ƙara tsarin duban dan tayi don inganta VCN.Lokacin amfani da abubuwan kaushi, tsarin VCN yana samun goyan bayan tsarin vacuum-to-vacuum (ko mara iska), wanda aka fara haƙƙin mallaka a cikin 1991. Tsarin yana ƙayyadadden watsi da amfani da sauran ƙarfi zuwa 97% ko sama.Hukumar Kare Muhalli da Gundumar California ta Kudu Coast Gudanar da Ingancin Iskar iska sun amince da tsarin saboda tasirinsa wajen iyakance fallasa da amfani.
Tsarin narkewar da ke amfani da VCNs yana da tasiri mai tsada saboda kowane tsarin yana da ikon cirewa, yana haɓaka dawo da sauran ƙarfi.Wannan yana rage sayayyar kaushi da zubar da shara.Wannan tsari da kansa yana tsawaita rayuwar mai narkewa;yawan rushewar ƙarfi yana raguwa yayin da zafin aiki ya ragu.
Wadannan tsarin sun dace da bayan jiyya kamar wucewa tare da maganin acid ko haifuwa tare da hydrogen peroxide ko wasu sinadarai idan an buƙata.Ayyukan shimfidar wuri na tsarin VCN yana sa waɗannan jiyya da sauri da tsada, kuma ana iya haɗa su a cikin ƙirar kayan aiki iri ɗaya.
Ya zuwa yau, injinan VCN suna sarrafa bututu masu ƙanƙanta kamar 0.25 mm a diamita da bututu masu diamita zuwa ƙimar kaurin bango fiye da 1000: 1 a cikin filin.A cikin binciken dakin gwaje-gwaje, VCN ya yi tasiri wajen cire coils na gurbataccen ciki har tsawon mita 1 da diamita 0.08 mm;a aikace, ya sami damar tsaftacewa ta ramuka har zuwa 0.15 mm a diamita.
Dr. Donald Gray is President of Vacuum Processing Systems and JP Schuttert oversees sales, PO Box 822, East Greenwich, RI 02818, 401-397-8578, contact@vacuumprocessingsystems.com.
Dr. Donald Gray is President of Vacuum Processing Systems and JP Schuttert oversees sales, PO Box 822, East Greenwich, RI 02818, 401-397-8578, contact@vacuumprocessingsystems.com.
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Lokacin aikawa: Janairu-13-2023