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Yana nuna carousel na nunin faifai uku lokaci guda.Yi amfani da maɓallan da suka gabata da na gaba don matsawa ta cikin nunin faifai guda uku a lokaci ɗaya, ko amfani da maɓallan maɓalli a ƙarshen don matsawa ta cikin nunin faifai uku a lokaci ɗaya.
An gwada abubuwan bututun ƙarfe na roba guda huɗu (RuCFST), siminti ɗaya bututun ƙarfe (CFST) da kashi ɗaya mara komai a ƙarƙashin yanayin lanƙwasa zalla.Babban sigogi shine rabo mai ƙarfi (λ) daga 3 zuwa 5 da rabon maye gurbin roba (r) daga 10% zuwa 20%.Ana samun lanƙwasa lanƙwasa na ɗan lokaci, lanƙwasa juzu'i mai jujjuyawa, da lanƙwasa lanƙwasa lokacin-curvature.An yi nazarin yanayin lalata siminti tare da tushen roba.Sakamakon ya nuna cewa nau'in gazawar membobin RuCFST shine gazawar lanƙwasa.Ana rarraba tsagi a cikin simintin roba daidai gwargwado kuma ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba, kuma cika simintin simintin da roba yana hana haɓakar fasa.Matsakaicin shear-to-span yana da ɗan tasiri akan halayen samfuran gwajin.Matsakaicin maye gurbin roba yana da ɗan tasiri akan ikon jure lokacin lanƙwasawa, amma yana da wani tasiri akan lanƙwasawa na samfurin.Bayan cikawa tare da kankare na roba, idan aka kwatanta da samfurori daga bututun ƙarfe maras kyau, ƙarfin lanƙwasa da lanƙwasa yana inganta.
Saboda kyakkyawan aikinsu na girgizar ƙasa da ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyi, ana amfani da sifofin ƙarfafa tubular gargajiya na gargajiya (CFST) a aikin injiniya na zamani1,2,3.A matsayin sabon nau'in kankare na roba, ana amfani da barbashi na roba don maye gurbin juzu'i na halitta.Ana samar da sifofin Rubber Concrete Filled Karfe (RuCFST) ta hanyar cike bututun ƙarfe tare da kankare na roba don haɓaka ductility da ingantaccen makamashi na tsarin haɗin gwiwa4.Ba wai kawai yana amfani da kyakkyawan aiki na membobin CFST ba, har ma yana yin ingantaccen amfani da sharar roba, wanda ya dace da buƙatun ci gaban tattalin arzikin madauwari na kore5,6.
A cikin ƴan shekarun da suka gabata, an yi nazari mai zurfi game da halayen membobin CFST na gargajiya a ƙarƙashin axial load7,8, axial load-monment interaction9,10,11 da pure lankwasawa12,13,14.Sakamakon ya nuna cewa ƙarfin lanƙwasa, ƙwanƙwasa, ductility da ƙarfin watsar da makamashi na ginshiƙan CFST da katako suna inganta ta hanyar cikon kankare na ciki kuma suna nuna kyakkyawan ductility.
A halin yanzu, wasu masu bincike sun yi nazarin ɗabi'a da aikin ginshiƙan RuCFST a ƙarƙashin haɗaɗɗun nauyin axial.Liu da Liang15 sun yi gwaje-gwaje da yawa a kan gajerun ginshiƙan RuCFST, kuma idan aka kwatanta da ginshiƙan CFST, ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyi da taurin ya ragu tare da ƙara digirin maye gurbin roba da girman barbashi, yayin da ductility ya ƙaru.Duarte4,16 ya gwada gajerun ginshiƙan RuCFST da yawa kuma ya nuna cewa ginshiƙan RuCFST sun fi ductile tare da haɓaka abun ciki na roba.Liang17 da Gao18 kuma sun ba da rahoton irin wannan sakamako akan kaddarorin matosai na RuCFST masu santsi da bakin ciki.Gu et al.19 da Jiang et al.20 sunyi nazarin iyawar abubuwan RuCFST a babban zafin jiki.Sakamakon ya nuna cewa ƙari na roba ya kara yawan ductility na tsarin.Yayin da zafin jiki ya tashi, ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyi da farko yana raguwa kaɗan.Patel21 yayi nazarin yanayin matsawa da sassauƙa na gajerun katako na CFST da ginshiƙai tare da ƙarshen zagaye a ƙarƙashin axial da uniaxial loading.Ƙididdigar ƙididdiga da ƙididdiga na ƙididdiga sun nuna cewa dabarun simintin fiber na iya yin nazarin ayyukan gajeriyar RCFSTs daidai.Sassauci yana ƙaruwa tare da rabon al'amari, ƙarfin ƙarfe da kankare, kuma yana raguwa tare da zurfin zuwa kauri rabo.Gabaɗaya, gajerun ginshiƙan RuCFST suna yin daidai da ginshiƙan CFST kuma sun fi ginshiƙan ɗumbin yawa fiye da ginshiƙan CFST.
Ana iya gani daga bita na sama cewa ginshiƙan RuCFST sun inganta bayan yin amfani da abubuwan da suka dace na roba a cikin simintin ginshiƙan CFST.Tun da babu wani nauyin axial, lankwasawa ta yanar gizo yana faruwa a ƙarshen ƙarshen ginshiƙi.A haƙiƙa, halayen lanƙwasawa na RuCFST sun kasance masu zaman kansu daga halayen nauyin axial22.A cikin aikin injiniya mai amfani, tsarin RuCFST galibi ana fuskantar lodin lokacin lanƙwasa.Nazarin kyawawan kaddarorin sa na lanƙwasa yana taimakawa wajen tantance nakasu da yanayin gazawar abubuwan RuCFST a ƙarƙashin aikin girgizar ƙasa23.Don tsarin RuCFST, ya zama dole a yi nazarin kaddarorin lanƙwasawa masu tsabta na abubuwan RuCFST.
Dangane da wannan, an gwada samfurori guda shida don nazarin kayan aikin injiniya na abubuwan bututun ƙarfe mai lankwasa zalla.An shirya sauran labarin kamar haka.Na farko, an gwada samfurori masu murabba'i shida tare da ko ba tare da cika roba ba.Kula da yanayin gazawar kowane samfurin don sakamakon gwaji.Na biyu, an yi nazarin aikin abubuwan RuCFST a cikin lanƙwasawa mai tsabta, kuma an tattauna tasirin juzu'i-zuwa-tsayi na 3-5 da rabon maye gurbin roba na 10-20% akan kaddarorin tsarin RuCFST.A ƙarshe, an kwatanta bambance-bambance a cikin ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyi da taurin kai tsakanin abubuwan RuCFST da abubuwan CFST na gargajiya.
An kammala samfurori guda shida na CFST, hudu cike da simintin roba, daya cike da siminti na yau da kullun, na shida kuma babu kowa.An tattauna tasirin canjin roba (r) da rabon shear (λ).Babban sigogi na samfurin ana ba da su a cikin Table 1. Harafin t yana nuna kauri na bututu, B shine tsayin gefen samfurin, L shine tsayin samfurin, Mue shine ƙarfin lanƙwasa da aka auna, Kie shine farkon. lankwasawa taurin, Kse shine taurin kai a cikin sabis.yanayi.
An kera samfurin RuCFST daga faranti huɗu na ƙarfe waɗanda aka welded biyu-biyu don samar da bututun ƙarfe mai murabba'i, wanda aka cika da siminti.Ana walda farantin karfe mai kauri mm 10 zuwa kowane ƙarshen samfurin.Ana nuna kayan aikin injiniya na karfe a cikin Table 2. Bisa ga ma'auni na GB / T228-201024 na kasar Sin, ƙarfin ƙarfin (fu) da ƙarfin samar da (fy) na bututun ƙarfe an ƙaddara ta hanyar daidaitattun hanyar gwaji.Sakamakon gwajin shine 260 MPa da 350 MPa bi da bi.Module na elasticity (Es) shine 176 GPa, kuma ma'aunin Poisson (ν) na karfe shine 0.3.
A lokacin gwaji, an ƙididdige ƙarfin matsawa mai siffar cubic (fcu) na siminti a ranar 28 a 40 MPa.Ratios 3, 4 da 5 an zaɓi su bisa la'akari da 25 na baya saboda wannan na iya bayyana duk wata matsala ta watsa canji.Matsakaicin maye gurbin roba biyu na 10% da 20% sun maye gurbin yashi a cikin siminti.A cikin wannan binciken, an yi amfani da foda na roba na al'ada daga Tianyu Cement Plant (Tianyu alama a China).Girman barbashi na roba shine 1-2 mm.Shafin 3 yana nuna rabon kankare na roba da gaurayawan.Ga kowane nau'i na kankare na roba, cubes uku tare da gefen 150 mm an jefa su kuma an warke su a ƙarƙashin yanayin gwaji da aka tsara.Yashin da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin cakuda yashi ne mai yashi, kuma babban yashi shine dutsen carbonate a birnin Shenyang, arewa maso gabashin China.Ƙarfin matsawa na kwanaki 28 na cubic (fcu), ƙarfin prismatic matsa lamba (fc') da modules of elasticity (Ec) don nau'ikan maye gurbin roba (10% da 20%) an nuna su a cikin Tebu 3. Aiwatar da daidaitattun GB50081-201926.
Ana gwada duk samfuran gwaji tare da silinda mai ƙarfi tare da ƙarfin 600 kN.Yayin lodawa, ana amfani da rundunonin da aka tattara su biyu daidai gwargwado zuwa wurin gwajin lankwasawa mai maki huɗu sannan a rarraba akan samfurin.Ana auna lalacewa ta hanyar ma'auni guda biyar akan kowane saman samfurin.Ana lura da karkacewa ta amfani da na'urori masu auna matsuguni guda uku da aka nuna a cikin Figures 1 da 2. 1 da 2.
Gwajin ya yi amfani da tsarin da aka riga aka ɗauka.Load a cikin gudun 2kN/s, sannan a dakata a nauyi har zuwa 10kN, duba ko kayan aiki da tantanin halitta suna cikin yanayin aiki na yau da kullun.A cikin maɗaurin roba, kowane haɓakar lodi ya shafi ƙasa da kashi ɗaya cikin goma na nauyin da aka annabta.Lokacin da bututun ƙarfe ya ƙare, nauyin da aka yi amfani da shi bai wuce kashi ɗaya cikin goma sha biyar na nauyin da aka annabta ba.Riƙe kusan mintuna biyu bayan amfani da kowane matakin nauyi yayin lokacin lodawa.Yayin da samfurin ke gabatowa gazawa, ƙimar ci gaba da ɗauka yana raguwa.Lokacin da nauyin axial ya kai ƙasa da 50% na nauyin ƙarshe ko kuma an sami lalacewa a fili akan samfurin, an ƙare loading.
Rushewar duk samfuran gwaji sun nuna kyakkyawan ductility.Ba a sami tsattsauran tsatsauran ra'ayi ba a cikin yankin juzu'i na bututun ƙarfe na gwajin.Ana nuna nau'ikan lalacewa na yau da kullun ga bututun ƙarfe a cikin fig.3. Ɗaukar samfurin SB1 a matsayin misali, a farkon mataki na loading lokacin da lokacin lanƙwasawa ya kasa da 18 kN m, samfurin SB1 yana cikin mataki na roba ba tare da nakasawa ba, kuma yawan karuwa a lokacin lankwasawa da aka auna ya fi girma. yawan karuwa a curvature.Daga baya, bututun ƙarfe a cikin yanki mai ƙarfi yana da lalacewa kuma ya wuce cikin matakin roba-roba.Lokacin da lokacin lanƙwasawa ya kai kusan 26 kNm, yankin matsawa na tsaka-tsakin karfe ya fara faɗaɗa.Edema yana tasowa a hankali yayin da nauyin ya karu.Ƙunƙarar ɗaukar nauyi ba ta raguwa har sai nauyin ya kai matsayi mafi girma.
Bayan da aka kammala gwajin, an yanke samfurin SB1 (RuCFST) da samfurin SB5 (CFST) don ƙarin lura da yanayin rashin nasarar simintin tushe, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin siffa 4. Ana iya gani daga Hoto 4 cewa tsagewar samfurin. Ana rarraba SB1 a ko'ina kuma a cikin simintin tushe, kuma nisa tsakanin su shine daga 10 zuwa 15 cm.Nisa tsakanin fasa a cikin samfurin SB5 yana daga 5 zuwa 8 cm, tsagewar ba daidai ba ne kuma a bayyane yake.Bugu da ƙari, ɓarna a cikin samfurin SB5 ya shimfiɗa kusan 90 ° daga yankin tashin hankali zuwa yankin matsawa kuma ya haɓaka har zuwa kusan 3/4 na tsayin sashe.Babban fashewar kankare a cikin samfurin SB1 sun fi ƙanƙanta da ƙasa da yawa fiye da samfurin SB5.Maye gurbin yashi tare da roba na iya, zuwa wani matsayi, ya hana ci gaban fasa a cikin kankare.
A kan fig.5 yana nuna rarraba juzu'i tare da tsawon kowane samfurin.Tsayayyen layin shine juzu'in juzu'i na yanki na gwaji kuma layin dige-dige shine rabin igiyar igiyar ruwa ta sinusoidal.Daga fig.Hoto na 5 yana nuna cewa madaidaicin karkatar da sanda yana cikin kyakkyawar yarjejeniya tare da madaidaicin rabin-kalaman sinusoidal a farkon lodawa.Yayin da nauyin ya ƙaru, juzu'in jujjuyawar yana karkata kaɗan daga madaidaicin rabin-kalaman sinusoidal.A matsayinka na mai mulki, yayin lodawa, madaidaicin karkatar da duk samfuran a kowane ma'aunin ma'auni sune madaidaicin rabin-sinusoidal.
Tun da karkatar da abubuwa na RuCFST a cikin lanƙwasawa mai tsabta yana biye da madaidaicin rabin igiyar ruwa na sinusoidal, ana iya bayyana ma'aunin lanƙwasawa kamar:
Lokacin da matsakaicin nau'in fiber ya kasance 0.01, la'akari da ainihin yanayin aikace-aikacen, lokacin lanƙwasawa daidai yana ƙaddara azaman ƙarfin lokacin lanƙwasa na ƙarshe27.Ƙimar lokacin lanƙwasa da aka auna (Mue) don haka an nuna a cikin Table 1. Bisa ga ma'auni na lokacin lankwasawa (Mue) da ma'auni (3) don ƙididdige curvature (φ), M-φ curve a cikin Hoto 6 na iya zama makirci.Don M = 0.2Mue28, ana ɗaukar taurin farko Kie azaman taurin lankwasawa daidai.Lokacin da M = 0.6Mue, an saita ƙarfin lanƙwasa (Kse) na matakin aiki zuwa daidaitaccen lanƙwasawa.
Ana iya gani daga lanƙwasa lokacin lanƙwasa lanƙwasa cewa lokacin lanƙwasawa da lanƙwasa suna ƙaruwa sosai a layi a matakin na roba.Adadin girma na lokacin lanƙwasawa yana a fili sama da na curvature.Lokacin da lokacin lanƙwasawa M shine 0.2Mue, samfurin ya kai matakin iyaka na roba.Yayin da nauyin ya karu, samfurin yana jurewa nakasar filastik kuma ya shiga cikin matakin elastoplastic.Tare da lokacin lanƙwasawa M daidai da 0.7-0.8 Mue, bututun ƙarfe za a ɓata a cikin yankin tashin hankali kuma a cikin yankin matsawa a madadin.A lokaci guda kuma, Mf curve na samfurin ya fara bayyana kansa a matsayin juzu'i kuma yana girma ba tare da layi ba, wanda ke haɓaka tasirin haɗin gwiwa na bututun ƙarfe da kuma ginshiƙan roba.Lokacin da M ya yi daidai da Mue, samfurin ya shiga matakin tauraruwar filastik, tare da jujjuyawar samfurin da lanƙwasa yana ƙaruwa da sauri, yayin da lokacin lanƙwasawa yana ƙaruwa a hankali.
A kan fig.7 yana nuna lanƙwasa lokacin lanƙwasawa (M) tare da iri (ε) ga kowane samfurin.Babban ɓangaren ɓangaren tsakiyar ɓangaren samfurin yana ƙarƙashin matsawa, kuma ƙananan ɓangaren yana ƙarƙashin tashin hankali.Ma'aunin ma'aunin da aka yiwa alama "1" da "2" suna saman saman gwajin, ma'aunin ma'aunin da aka yiwa alama "3" suna tsakiyar samfurin, da ma'aunin ma'aunin da aka yiwa alama "4" da "5".” suna ƙarƙashin samfurin gwajin.An nuna ƙananan ɓangaren samfurin a cikin siffa 2. Daga siffa 7 za a iya ganin cewa a farkon mataki na loading, gyare-gyare na tsaye a cikin yankin tashin hankali da kuma a cikin yanki na matsawa na kashi yana kusa sosai, kuma nakassasu kusan layi ne.A cikin tsakiyar ɓangaren, akwai ɗan ƙara haɓaka nakasawa na tsayi, amma girman wannan haɓaka kaɗan ne. Daga baya, simintin roba a cikin yankin tashin hankali ya fashe.Saboda bututun ƙarfe a cikin yankin tashin hankali kawai yana buƙatar jure wa ƙarfi, kuma Simintin roba da bututun ƙarfe a cikin yankin matsawa suna ɗaukar nauyin tare, nakasar da ke cikin yankin tashin hankali na sinadari ya fi nakasar da ke cikin yayin da nauyin ya ƙaru, nakasar ta zarce ƙarfin amfanin ƙarfe, kuma bututun ƙarfe ya shiga. mataki na elastoplastic. Yawan karuwa a cikin nau'in samfurin ya fi girma fiye da lokacin lankwasawa, kuma yankin filastik ya fara tasowa zuwa cikakken sashin giciye.
Ana nuna maƙallan M-um na kowane samfurin a cikin hoto 8. A kan fig.8, duk M-um masu lankwasa suna bin tsari iri ɗaya da membobin CFST na gargajiya22,27.A kowane hali, maƙallan M-um suna nuna amsa mai ƙarfi a farkon lokaci, sannan kuma halayen rashin ƙarfi tare da raguwar taurin kai, har sai an kai matsakaicin lokacin lanƙwasawa a hankali.Koyaya, saboda sigogin gwaji daban-daban, maƙallan M-um sun ɗan bambanta.Lokacin jujjuyawa don rabo-zuwa-span rabo daga 3 zuwa 5 ana nuna shi a cikin fig.8a ba.Ƙarfin lanƙwasawa da aka yarda da samfurin SB2 (factor factor λ = 4) shine 6.57% ƙasa da na samfurin SB1 (λ = 5), kuma ikon lankwasawa lokacin samfurin SB3 (λ = 3) ya fi na samfurin SB2 girma. (λ = 4) 3.76%.Gabaɗaya magana, yayin da rabon shear-to-span yana ƙaruwa, yanayin canji a lokacin da aka yarda ba a bayyane yake ba.Madaidaicin M-um baya bayyana yana da alaƙa da rabon shear-to-span.Wannan ya yi daidai da abin da Lu da Kennedy25 suka lura na CFST biams tare da juzu'i-zuwa-tsayi rabo daga 1.03 zuwa 5.05.Dalili mai yuwuwa ga membobin CFST shine cewa a ma'auni daban-daban na juzu'i, tsarin watsa ƙarfi tsakanin simintin simintin da bututun ƙarfe kusan iri ɗaya ne, wanda ba a bayyane yake ba kamar na membobin simintin ƙarfafa25.
Daga fig.8b yana nuna cewa ƙarfin ɗaukar samfuran SB4 (r = 10%) da SB1 (r = 20%) ya ɗan fi girma ko ƙasa da na samfurin gargajiya CFST SB5 (r = 0), kuma ya karu da kashi 3.15 kuma ya ragu ta hanyar. 1.57 bisa dari.Koyaya, taurin farko (Kie) na samfuran SB4 da SB1 yana da girma fiye da na samfurin SB5, waɗanda sune 19.03% da 18.11%, bi da bi.Ƙunƙarar lanƙwasawa (Kse) na samfuran SB4 da SB1 a cikin lokacin aiki shine 8.16% da 7.53% sama da na samfurin SB5, bi da bi.Suna nuna cewa adadin maye gurbin roba yana da ɗan tasiri akan ƙarfin lanƙwasa, amma yana da babban tasiri akan lanƙwasawa na samfuran RuCFST.Wannan na iya zama saboda gaskiyar cewa filastik na roba a cikin samfurori na RuCFST ya fi girma fiye da filastik na simintin halitta a cikin samfurori na CFST na al'ada.Gabaɗaya, tsagewa da tsagewa a cikin simintin halitta suna fara yaduwa tun da wuri fiye da a cikin siminti na roba29.Daga yanayin rashin nasara na yau da kullun na simintin tushe (Fig. 4), ɓarkewar samfurin SB5 (siminti na halitta) ya fi girma da girma fiye da na samfurin SB1 (Simintin roba).Wannan na iya ba da gudummawa ga mafi girman hani da bututun ƙarfe ke bayarwa don SB1 Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafa Samfuran Kankare idan aka kwatanta da SB5 Natural Concrete samfurin.Binciken Durate16 shima ya zo kan matsaya iri daya.
Daga fig.8c yana nuna cewa kashi na RuCFST yana da mafi kyawun iya lankwasawa da ductility fiye da nau'in bututun ƙarfe mara kyau.Ƙarfin lanƙwasawa na samfurin SB1 daga RuCFST (r = 20%) shine 68.90% mafi girma fiye da na samfurin SB6 daga bututun ƙarfe maras kyau, da ƙarancin lankwasawa na farko (Kie) da lankwasawa a matakin aiki (Kse) na samfurin SB1 ya canza zuwa +40.52%., wanda ya fi samfurin SB6, ya kasance 16.88% mafi girma.Ayyukan da aka haɗa na bututun ƙarfe da kuma ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙarfin sassauƙa da ƙaƙƙarfan nau'i mai mahimmanci.Abubuwan RuCFST suna baje kolin samfuran ductility masu kyau lokacin da aka yi musu nauyin lanƙwasawa mai tsabta.
An kwatanta sakamakon lankwasawa da lokacin lanƙwasawa da aka ƙayyade a cikin ƙa'idodin ƙira na yanzu kamar dokokin Japan AIJ (2008) 30, dokokin Burtaniya BS5400 (2005) 31, dokokin Turai EC4 (2005) 32 da dokokin Sin GB50936 (2014) 33. lokacin lanƙwasawa. (Muc) zuwa lokacin lanƙwasawa na gwaji (Mue) an ba da shi a cikin Tebur 4 kuma an gabatar da shi a cikin fig.9. Ƙididdigar ƙididdiga na AIJ (2008), BS5400 (2005) da GB50936 (2014) sune 19%, 13.2% da 19.4% ƙasa da matsakaicin ƙimar gwaji, bi da bi.Lokacin lanƙwasawa da aka ƙididdige ta EC4 (2005) shine 7% ƙasa da matsakaicin ƙimar gwaji, wanda shine mafi kusa.
Abubuwan injina na abubuwan RuCFST a ƙarƙashin lanƙwasawa mai tsabta ana binciken gwaji.Bisa ga binciken, za a iya yanke shawara masu zuwa.
Membobin da aka gwada na RuCFST sun nuna hali mai kama da tsarin CFST na gargajiya.Ban da fakitin bututun ƙarfe na wofi, samfuran RuCFST da CFST suna da kyakkyawan aiki saboda cika simintin roba da siminti.
Rabon shear zuwa taƙawa ya bambanta daga 3 zuwa 5 tare da ɗan ƙaramin tasiri akan lokacin da aka gwada da taurin lanƙwasa.Adadin maye gurbin roba kusan ba shi da wani tasiri a kan juriya na samfurin zuwa lokacin lanƙwasawa, amma yana da wani tasiri a kan lanƙwasawa na samfurin.Taurin farko na samfurin SB1 tare da rabon maye gurbin roba na 10% shine 19.03% sama da na al'ada samfurin CFST SB5.Eurocode EC4 (2005) yana ba da damar ingantaccen kimantawa na iyawar lanƙwasawa na abubuwan RuCFST.Bugu da ƙari na roba zuwa simintin tushe yana inganta ɓarna na simintin, yana ba da abubuwan Confucian kyau tauri.
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Lokacin aikawa: Janairu-05-2023