Sau nawa ne aka sami matsalolin samarwa lokacin da aka saka sabbin narke ko narke cikin samarwa?Waɗannan matsalolin na iya zama karyewa, fashe-fashe, fashe-fashe, rashin shigar walda mara kyau, ƙarancin wutar lantarki, da sauran su.Gwajin tauri, gwaje-gwajen juzu'i, da sassan giciye na ƙarfe, da bitar rahotannin gwajin masana'anta hanyoyin gama gari ne don tantance tushen matsala.Wani lokaci ana samun tushen matsalar, amma yawanci ba a samun wani abu na yau da kullun.A cikin waɗannan lokuta, matsalar ta ta'allaka ne a cikin abun da ke ciki na karfe, koda kuwa haɗin yana cikin ƙayyadaddun abubuwan da aka ƙayyade don karfe.

Bayanin ASTM 316 2205 904l 2B BA HL 6K 8K madubi gama bakin karfe nada:

A cikin wannan labarin, za mu iyakance tattaunawarmu zuwa austenitic bakin karfe, kodayake yawancin maganganun sun shafi wasu nau'ikan kuma.Yawancin abubuwa masu matsala ba su da iko kuma dole ne a ƙayyade su akan ƙayyadaddun abokin ciniki ko odar siyayya.Kada ku ɗauka cewa gami da kuke siyan an yi su ne daga matsakaicin kewayon kowane abu.Tun daga 1988, masana'antun ƙarfe suna da shirin da aka sani da "alloy chipping" wanda ke amfani da mafi ƙarancin abubuwan haɗawa kawai don hana zafi mai zafi da fashewar sanyi.
Grade Design Austenitic bakin karfe an tsara su don samar da juriya na lalata a cikin mahalli da yawa, juriya ga hydrogen da embrittlement a 885ºF (475ºC), ƙarfi mai kyau, mai kyau ductility da ƙananan taurin.Bakin ƙarfe a cikin mafi sauƙi nau'i shine ƙarfe tare da akalla 12% chromium.Wannan shine abin da ke sa bakin karfe ya jure tsatsa kuma yana ba da damar fim ɗin da ya dace ya samar.Bakin karfe yana wanzu a cikin jihohin ƙarfe uku dangane da abun da ke ciki da maganin zafi: ferritic, martensitic da austenitic.Waɗannan sunaye suna magana ne akan tsarin kristal: ferrite cubic ce ta jiki, austenite cubic ce ta tsakiya, kuma martensite tsarin tsarin tetragonal karkatacciyar hanya ne, wato, tsarin cubic mai karkatar da fuska ya zama mai daidaita jiki.
Ƙarfe mai tsafta yana da siffa mai siffar siffar jiki kuma yana wanzu daga sifili zuwa wurin narkewa.Lokacin da aka ƙara wasu abubuwa, ana ƙirƙiri “ zoben gamma” ko austenite.Wadannan abubuwa sune carbon, chromium, nickel, manganese, tungsten, molybdenum, silicon, vanadium da silicon.Daga cikin waɗannan abubuwa, nickel, manganese, chromium da carbon suna iya faɗaɗa zoben gamma mafi nisa.Haɗin nickel ne da chromium wanda ke sa bakin karfe austenitic ya fuskanci cubic daga cikakken sifili zuwa wurin narkewa.Wannan zoben gamma ne ke bambance alloys na ferritic da na martensitic.Abubuwan da ke cikin chromium na bakin karfe na martensitic yana da kunkuntar, 14-18%, kuma dole ne ya ƙunshi carbon, saboda kawai lokacin zafi a cikin wannan kewayon za a iya samar da austenite mai tsabta, ta yadda za'a iya samun martensite ta hanyar kashewa.Ferritic gami suna da abun ciki ko dai ƙasa da 14% ko sama da 18%.Canza abubuwan haɗin gwiwa na iya canza kewayon.Hanyar da ta fi dacewa ita ce ta rage yawan carbohydrates.
Mafi na kowa austenitic bakin karfe dangane da abun da ke ciki 18-8, 18% Cr 8% Ni.Idan abun ciki na nickel a cikin karfe ya wuce 8%, yana da austenitic, idan abun ciki na nickel ya ragu, to yana da duplex karfe, wato, austenitic tare da tsibiran ferrite.A 5% nickel, tsarin yana kusan 50% austenitic, 50% ferritic, ƙasa da 3% ya zama cikakke.Don haka, 8% nickel shine tushen mafi arha austenitic bakin karfe.
Lokacin da aka ƙara abubuwa masu haɗawa zuwa karfe, za su iya ɗaukar matsayi a cikin babban crystal.Waɗannan an san su da maye gurbin gami da gami ya kasance lokaci ɗaya.Sauran abubuwa ƙanana ne da za su dace tsakanin kwayoyin halitta, da ake kira interstitial element, kuma gawa ta kasance lokaci guda.Sauran abubuwa za su haɗu don samar da nasu lu'ulu'u na musamman kuma su samar da takamaiman matakai.Wasu kuma suna aiki azaman ƙazanta a cikin gami, waɗanda aka sani da haɗawa.