2507 bakin karfe nada bututu sinadaran bangaren, Daidaita Thermal Network kwaikwaiyo Nazari na Rare Duniya Giant Magnetostrictive Transducer

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• Bayanin Samfura
• 2507 Bakin karfe nada bututu daga china

Mahimmanci ga ƙirar ƙaƙƙarfan mai jujjuyawar magnetostrictive (GMT) yana da sauri da ingantaccen bincike na rarraba zafin jiki.Samfuran hanyar sadarwa na thermal yana da fa'idodin ƙarancin ƙididdigewa da daidaito mai girma kuma ana iya amfani da su don nazarin yanayin zafi na GMT.Koyaya, samfuran thermal da ke akwai suna da iyakancewa wajen kwatanta waɗannan ƙayyadaddun tsarin tsarin zafi a cikin GMT: yawancin nazarin suna mai da hankali kan jihohin da ba za su iya ɗaukar canjin yanayin zafi ba;Gabaɗaya ana ɗauka cewa rarraba zafin jiki na manyan sandunan magnetostrictive (GMM) daidai ne, amma yanayin zafin jiki a fadin sandar GMM yana da matukar muhimmanci saboda rashin kyawun yanayin zafi, rarrabawar rashin daidaituwa na GMM ba a cika shigar da shi cikin thermal ba. abin koyi.Saboda haka, ta hanyar yin la'akari da waɗannan abubuwa guda uku na sama, wannan takarda ta kafa tsarin GMT Transitional Equivalent Heat Network (TETN).Na farko, bisa ga ƙira da ka'idar aiki na HMT na vibratory mai tsayi, ana gudanar da bincike na thermal.A kan wannan, an kafa samfurin dumama don tsarin canja wurin zafi na HMT kuma ana ƙididdige ma'auni na samfurin daidai.A ƙarshe, an tabbatar da daidaiton ƙirar TETN don nazarin yanayin zafi mai canzawa ta hanyar kwaikwayo da gwaji.
Giant magnetostrictive abu (GMM), wato terfenol-D, yana da abũbuwan amfãni daga manyan magnetostriction da kuma babban makamashi yawa.Ana iya amfani da waɗannan kaddarorin na musamman don haɓaka ƙaƙƙarfan masu watsawa na magnetostrictive (GMTs) waɗanda za a iya amfani da su a cikin aikace-aikacen da yawa kamar masu sarrafa sauti na ruwa na ƙarƙashin ruwa, micromotors, masu sarrafa linzamin kwamfuta, da sauransu. 1,2.
Wani abin damuwa shi ne yuwuwar zafafa zafi na GMTs na karkashin teku, wanda, idan ana sarrafa shi da cikakken iko da kuma na dogon lokaci na tashin hankali, zai iya haifar da matsanancin zafi saboda yawan ƙarfinsu3,4.Bugu da kari, saboda babban coefficient na thermal faɗaɗa na GMT da kuma babban azanci ga zafin waje, aikin fitar da shi yana da alaƙa da yanayin zafi5,6,7,8.A cikin wallafe-wallafen fasaha, hanyoyin nazarin zafin jiki na GMT za a iya raba su zuwa manyan nau'i biyu9: hanyoyin ƙididdiga da hanyoyin ma'auni.Hanya mai iyaka (FEM) tana ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin bincike na ƙididdiga da aka fi amfani da su.Xie et al.[10] ya yi amfani da hanyar ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun abubuwa don daidaitawa da rarraba tushen zafi na babban injin magnetostrictive kuma ya gane ƙirar sarrafa zafin jiki da tsarin sanyaya na tuƙi.Zhao et al.[11] ya kafa siminti mai iyaka na haɗin gwiwa na filin kwarara mai rikicewa da filin zafin jiki, kuma ya gina na'urar sarrafa zafin jiki na GMM mai hankali dangane da sakamakon simintin siminti mai iyaka.Duk da haka, FEM yana da matukar bukata dangane da saitin samfurin da lokacin lissafin.Saboda wannan dalili, FEM ana ɗaukarsa muhimmin tallafi don ƙididdigewa na layi, yawanci a lokacin ƙirar ƙira.
Hanyar ma'auni, wanda aka fi sani da samfurin cibiyar sadarwa mai zafi, ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin bincike na thermodynamic saboda saukin sigar lissafi da saurin lissafinsa12,13,14.Wannan hanya tana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kawar da ƙarancin zafi na injuna 15, 16, 17. Mellor18 shine farkon wanda ya fara amfani da ingantaccen yanayin yanayin zafi na T don ƙirar tsarin canjin zafi na injin.Verez et al.19 ya ƙirƙiri samfurin mai girma uku na cibiyar sadarwar thermal na injin maganadisu na dindindin tare da kwararar axial.Boglietti et al.20 sun ba da shawarar ƙirar hanyar sadarwa ta thermal guda huɗu na bambance-bambancen rikitarwa don tsinkayar gajeriyar yanayin zafi a cikin iskar iska.A ƙarshe, Wang et al.21 sun kafa cikakken da'irar yanayin zafi don kowane ɓangaren PMSM kuma ya taƙaita ma'aunin juriya na thermal.A ƙarƙashin yanayi mara kyau, ana iya sarrafa kuskuren a cikin 5%.
A cikin 1990s, an fara amfani da samfurin cibiyar sadarwa mai zafi zuwa masu jujjuya ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan wuta.Dubus et al.22 sun ɓullo da samfurin cibiyar sadarwa mai zafi don kwatanta canja wurin zafi a tsaye a cikin na'ura mai tsayi mai gefe biyu da firikwensin lanƙwasa aji IV.Anjanappa et al.23 sun yi nazarin yanayin zafi na 2D na microdrive na magnetostrictive ta amfani da samfurin cibiyar sadarwa na thermal.Don nazarin dangantakar da ke tsakanin nau'in thermal na Terfenol-D da sigogi na GMT, Zhu et al.24 ya kafa daidaitaccen tsari daidai gwargwado don juriya na thermal da lissafin sauya GMT.
Ƙimar zafin GMT ya fi rikitarwa fiye da aikace-aikacen injin.Saboda kyakkyawan yanayin zafi da ƙarfin maganadisu na kayan da aka yi amfani da su, yawancin abubuwan injinan da aka yi la'akari da su a yanayin zafi ɗaya yawanci ana rage su zuwa kumburi ɗaya13,19.Koyaya, saboda rashin kyawun yanayin zafi na HMMs, zato na rarraba yawan zafin jiki bai dace ba.Bugu da ƙari, HMM yana da ƙarancin ƙarfin maganadisu, don haka zafin da ke haifar da asarar maganadisu yawanci ba shi da wani uniform tare da sandar HMM.Bugu da ƙari, yawancin binciken an mayar da hankali ne akan simintin gyare-gyaren da ba su da lissafin canjin zafin jiki yayin aikin GMT.
Domin magance matsalolin fasaha guda uku da ke sama, wannan labarin yana amfani da jijjiga a tsaye na GMT a matsayin abin da ake nazari da kuma ƙirƙira daidai sassa daban-daban na na'urar, musamman sandar GMM.An ƙirƙiri samfurin cikakkiyar hanyar sadarwar zafi ta tsaka-tsaki (TETN) GMT.An gina ƙayyadaddun ƙirar ƙira da dandamali na gwaji don gwada daidaito da aikin ƙirar TETN don nazarin yanayin zafin jiki na transducer.
An nuna ƙira da ma'auni na geometric na HMF mai tsayi mai tsayi a cikin siffa 1a da b, bi da bi.
Mahimman abubuwan da aka haɗa sun haɗa da sandunan GMM, coils filin, magnetan dindindin (PM), yokes, pads, bushings, da maɓuɓɓugan belleville.Ƙunƙarar tashin hankali da PMT suna ba da sandar HMM tare da madadin filin maganadisu da filin maganadisu na DC, bi da bi.Karkiya da jiki, wanda ya ƙunshi hula da hannu, an yi su ne da ƙarfe mai laushi na DT4, wanda ke da ƙarfin ƙarfin maganadisu.Yana samar da rufaffiyar da'irar maganadisu tare da sandar GIM da PM.Tushen fitarwa da farantin matsa lamba an yi su da bakin karfe 304 mara ƙarfi.Tare da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa na belleville, ana iya amfani da tsayayyen prestress a cikin tushe.Lokacin da madaidaicin halin yanzu ya wuce ta cikin coil ɗin tuƙi, sandar HMM zata yi rawar jiki daidai da haka.
A kan fig.2 yana nuna tsarin musayar zafi a cikin GMT.Sandunan GMM da coils na filin sune manyan hanyoyin zafi guda biyu don GMTs.Macijin yana jujjuya zafinsa zuwa jiki ta hanyar haɗuwa da iska a ciki da kuma zuwa murfi ta hanyar gudanarwa.Sanda na HMM zai haifar da asarar maganadisu a ƙarƙashin aikin wani filin maganadisu mai canzawa, kuma za a canza zafi zuwa harsashi saboda haɗuwa ta cikin iska na ciki, da kuma magnet ɗin dindindin da karkiya saboda gudanarwa.Zafin da aka canjawa wuri zuwa akwati yana bazuwa zuwa waje ta hanyar convection da radiation.Lokacin da zafin da aka samar ya yi daidai da zafin da aka canjawa wuri, zafin kowane sashe na GMT ya kai wani tsayayyen yanayi.
Tsarin canja wurin zafi a cikin GMO mai tsayi mai tsayi: a - zane mai gudana mai zafi, b - manyan hanyoyin canja wurin zafi.
Baya ga zafin da ke haifar da coil exciter da sandar HMM, duk abubuwan da ke cikin rufaffiyar da'irar maganadisu suna fuskantar hasarar maganadisu.Don haka, maganadisu na dindindin, karkiya, hula da hannun riga an lakafta su tare don rage asarar maganadisu na GMT.
Babban matakan gina samfurin TETN don nazarin yanayin zafi na GMT sune kamar haka: rukunin farko na rukunin farko tare da yanayin zafi iri ɗaya kuma suna wakiltar kowane bangare azaman kumburi daban a cikin hanyar sadarwa, sannan haɗa waɗannan nodes tare da maganganun canjin zafi mai dacewa.zafi conduction da convection tsakanin nodes.A wannan yanayin, tushen zafi da fitarwar zafi mai dacewa da kowane bangare suna haɗuwa a layi daya tsakanin kumburi da sifili na yau da kullun na duniya don gina daidaitaccen samfurin cibiyar sadarwar zafi.Mataki na gaba shine ƙididdige ma'auni na cibiyar sadarwar thermal don kowane ɓangaren samfurin, gami da juriya na thermal, ƙarfin zafi da asarar wutar lantarki.A ƙarshe, ana aiwatar da ƙirar TETN a cikin SPICE don kwaikwayo.Kuma zaku iya samun rarraba yanayin zafi na kowane bangare na GMT da canjin sa a cikin yankin lokaci.
Don dacewa da ƙirar ƙira da ƙididdigewa, ya zama dole don sauƙaƙe ƙirar thermal da watsi da yanayin iyaka waɗanda ba su da tasiri kaɗan akan sakamakon18,26.Samfurin TETN da aka gabatar a cikin wannan labarin ya dogara ne akan zato masu zuwa:
A cikin GMT tare da iska mai rauni ba da gangan ba, ba zai yiwu ba ko kuma ya zama dole a kwaikwayi matsayin kowane mai gudanarwa.An ƙirƙiri dabarun ƙirar ƙira iri-iri a baya don ƙirar canjin zafi da rarraba zafin jiki a cikin iska: (1) haɓakar yanayin zafi mai ƙarfi, (2) daidaito kai tsaye dangane da jumhuriyar madugu, (3) T-daidaitan thermal circuit29.
Za a iya la'akari da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun yanayin zafi da ma'auni kai tsaye mafi daidaitattun mafita fiye da daidai da kewaye T, amma sun dogara ne akan abubuwa da yawa, kamar kayan aiki, nau'i na nau'i na nau'i, da ƙarar sauran iska a cikin iska, waɗanda ke da wuyar ganewa29.Akasin haka, tsarin thermal T-daidai, kodayake ƙirar ƙima, ya fi dacewa30.Ana iya amfani da shi zuwa ga coil mai ban sha'awa tare da jijjiga mai tsayi na GMT.
Babban taron cylindrical mara kyau da aka yi amfani da shi don wakiltar coil exciter da kuma kwatankwacin hotonsa na thermal T, wanda aka samo daga maganin ma'aunin zafi, ana nunawa a fig.3. An ɗauka cewa zafi mai zafi a cikin kullun motsa jiki yana da zaman kanta a cikin radial da axial kwatance.An yi watsi da yanayin zafi mai kewaye.A cikin kowane da'irar T daidai, tashoshi biyu suna wakiltar madaidaicin yanayin yanayin yanayin, kuma ta uku T6 tana wakiltar matsakaicin zafin jiki.An shigar da asarar ɓangaren P6 azaman tushen ma'ana a matsakaicin kumburin zafin jiki da aka ƙididdigewa a cikin "ƙididdigar asarar zafi na filin filin".A cikin yanayin simintin da ba na tsaye ba, ana ba da ƙarfin zafi C6 ta ma'auni.(1) kuma ana ƙara zuwa Matsakaicin kumburin zafin jiki.
Inda cec, ρec da Vec ke wakiltar ƙayyadaddun zafi, yawa da ƙarar coil na tashin hankali, bi da bi.
A cikin tebur.1 yana nuna juriya na thermal na da'irar thermal na T-daidai da na'urar motsa jiki tare da tsawon lec, thermal conductivity λec, radius rec1 na waje da radius rec2 na ciki.
Exciter coils da T-daidaitan da'irori na thermal: (a) yawanci ramukan cylindrical abubuwa, (b) ware axial da radial T-daidaitan da'irorin thermal.
Hakanan an nuna daidai da kewayen T ɗin daidai don sauran tushen zafi na silinda13.Kasancewa babban tushen zafi na GMO, sandar HMM yana da rarrabawar yanayin zafi mara daidaituwa saboda ƙarancin yanayin zafi, musamman tare da axis na sandar.Akasin haka, ana iya yin watsi da inhomogeneity na radial, tunda radial zafin zafi na sandar HMM ya yi ƙasa da radial heat flux31.
Don tabbatar da daidaitaccen matakin ɓarna axial na sanda da kuma samun mafi girman zafin jiki, sandar GMM tana wakilta ta n nodes ɗin da aka ware daidai gwargwado a cikin jagorar axial, kuma adadin nodes n da aka tsara ta sandar GMM dole ne ya zama mara kyau.Adadin madaidaitan kwanon rufin axial thermal shine n T adadi 4.
Don tantance adadin nodes n da aka yi amfani da su don ƙirar mashaya GMM, ana nuna sakamakon FEM a fig.5 a matsayin tunani.Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin fig.4, adadin nodes n ana kayyade shi a cikin tsarin thermal na sandar HMM.Ana iya ƙirƙira kowane kulli a matsayin da'ira mai daidai da T.Kwatanta sakamakon FEM, daga siffa 5 ya nuna cewa nodes ɗaya ko uku ba zai iya yin daidai da rarraba zafin jiki na sandar HIM (kimanin 50 mm tsawo) a cikin GMO.Lokacin da n aka ƙara zuwa 5, sakamakon simintin yana inganta sosai kuma yana kusanci FEM.Ƙara n ƙara kuma yana ba da sakamako mafi kyau a farashin lokacin ƙidayawa.Don haka, a cikin wannan labarin, an zaɓi nodes 5 don yin ƙirar mashaya GMM.
Dangane da nazarin kwatancen da aka yi, ana nuna ainihin tsarin thermal na sandar HMM a cikin siffa 6. T1 ~ T5 shine matsakaicin zafin jiki na sassan biyar (sashe 1 ~ 5) na sanda.P1-P5 bi da bi yana wakiltar jimlar thermal ikon wurare daban-daban na sanda, wanda za a tattauna dalla-dalla a babi na gaba.C1 ~ C5 sune ƙarfin zafi na yankuna daban-daban, waɗanda za'a iya ƙididdige su ta hanyar wannan tsari
inda crod, ρrod da Vrod ke nuna takamaiman ƙarfin zafi, yawa da ƙarar sandar HMM.
Yin amfani da hanya ɗaya kamar na coil exciter, ana iya ƙididdige juriya na canja wurin zafi na sandar HMM a cikin siffa.
inda lrod, rrod da λrod ke wakiltar tsayi, radius da thermal conductivity na sandar GMM, bi da bi.
Don jijjiga mai tsayi na GMT da aka yi nazari a cikin wannan labarin, sauran abubuwan da suka rage da iska na ciki za a iya ƙila su tare da saitin kumburi ɗaya.
Ana iya la'akari da waɗannan wurare a matsayin ƙunshi ɗaya ko fiye da silinda.Haɗin musayar zafi zalla a cikin ɓangaren silinda ana siffanta shi ta hanyar dokar sarrafa zafi ta Fourier kamar yadda
Inda λnhs shine ma'aunin zafin jiki na kayan, lnhs shine tsayin axial, rnhs1 da rnhs2 sune radi na waje da na ciki na sashin canja wurin zafi, bi da bi.
Ana amfani da ma'auni (5) don ƙididdige juriya na thermal na radial don waɗannan wurare, wanda RR4-RR12 ke wakilta a cikin Hoto 7. A lokaci guda, ana amfani da Equation (6) don ƙididdige juriya na axial, wanda aka wakilta daga RA15 zuwa RA33 a cikin Figure 7.
Ƙaƙƙarfan ƙarfin zafi na da'irar thermal na kumburi guda ɗaya don yankin da ke sama (ciki har da C7-C15 a cikin siffa 7) ana iya ƙaddara kamar yadda
inda ρnhs, cnhs, da Vnhs sune tsayi, takamaiman zafi, da ƙara, bi da bi.
Canja wurin zafi mai zafi tsakanin iskar da ke cikin GMT da saman shari'ar da muhalli ana yin su tare da resistor guda ɗaya na thermal kamar haka:
inda A shine wurin tuntuɓar kuma h shine ƙimar canja wurin zafi.Tebur na 232 ya jera wasu al'amuran h da aka yi amfani da su a tsarin zafi.A cewar Table.2 na'urorin canja wurin zafi na thermal resistances RH8-RH10 da RH14-RH18, wakiltar convection tsakanin HMF da yanayi a cikin fig.7 ana ɗauka azaman ƙimar ƙimar 25 W/(m2 K).Ragowar ma'aunin canja wurin zafi an saita daidai da 10 W/(m2 K).
Dangane da tsarin canja wurin zafi na ciki da aka nuna a hoto na 2, ana nuna cikakken samfurin mai canza TETN a hoto na 7.
Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin fig.7, Girgizar tsayin GMT ya kasu kashi 16 kulli, waɗanda ɗigo jajayen ke wakilta.Matsakaicin yanayin zafi da aka nuna a cikin ƙirar sun dace da matsakaicin yanayin zafi na abubuwan da aka haɗa.Na yanayi zazzabi T0, GMM sanda zafin jiki T1 ~ T5, exciter nada zafin jiki T6, m Magnetic zazzabi T7 da T8, Yoke zafin jiki T9 ~ T10, yanayin zafin jiki T11 ~ T12 da T14, na cikin gida zazzabi T13 da fitarwa sanda zazzabi T15.Bugu da ƙari, kowane kumburi yana haɗuwa da yuwuwar thermal na ƙasa ta hanyar C1 ~ C15, wanda ke wakiltar ƙarfin thermal na kowane yanki, bi da bi.P1 ~ P6 shine jimlar zafin zafi na sandar GMM da exciter coil bi da bi.Bugu da ƙari, ana amfani da juriya na thermal 54 don wakiltar juriya mai sarrafawa da juriya don canja wurin zafi tsakanin nodes da ke kusa, waɗanda aka ƙididdige su a cikin sassan da suka gabata.Tebur na 3 yana nuna nau'ikan yanayin zafi na kayan juyawa.
Madaidaicin ƙididdige ƙididdiga na asarar hasara da rarraba su yana da mahimmanci don aiwatar da ingantattun siminti na thermal.Ana iya raba asarar zafi da GMT ya haifar zuwa asarar maganadisu na sandar GMM, asarar Joule na coil exciter, asarar inji, da ƙarin asara.Ƙarin asarar da asarar injiniyoyi da aka yi la'akari da su suna da ƙananan ƙananan kuma ana iya yin watsi da su.
Juriyar juriya na ac excitation ya haɗa da: juriya na dc Rdc da juriyar fata Rs.
inda f da N su ne mita da adadin jujjuyawar motsin kuzari.lCu da rCu su ne radius na ciki da na waje na nada, tsayin coil, da radius na wayar maganadisu ta jan karfe kamar yadda lambar AWG (American Wire Gauge) ta ayyana.ρCu shine juriya na ainihin sa.µCu shine ƙarfin maganadisu na ainihin sa.
Ainihin filin maganadisu a cikin madaurin filin (solenoid) ba daidai ba ne tare da tsawon sandar.Wannan bambance-bambancen ana iya gani musamman saboda ƙarancin ƙarfin maganadisu na sandunan HMM da PM.Amma yana da tsayin tsayi.Rarraba filin maganadisu kai tsaye yana ƙayyade rarraba asarar maganadisu na sandar HMM.Sabili da haka, don yin la'akari da ainihin rarraba asarar, an ɗauki sanda mai sassa uku, wanda aka nuna a cikin Hoto 8, don aunawa.
Ana iya samun asarar maganadisu ta hanyar auna madaidaicin madaidaicin hysteresis.Dangane da dandalin gwaji da aka nuna a hoto na 11, an auna madaukai masu ƙarfi guda uku.A ƙarƙashin yanayin cewa zafin sandar GMM ya tsaya ƙasa ƙasa da 50 ° C, wutar lantarki ta AC mai shirye-shirye (Chroma 61512) tana tafiyar da murhun filin a wani yanki, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin hoto 8, mitar filin maganadisu ta hanyar Gwajin halin yanzu kuma sakamakon yawan juzu'in maganadisu ana ƙididdige su ta hanyar haɗa ƙarfin lantarki da aka jawo a cikin induction coil da aka haɗa da sandar GIM.An zazzage ɗanyen bayanan daga ma'ajiyar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya (MR8875-30 kowace rana) kuma ana sarrafa su a cikin software na MATLAB don samun ma'aunin madaukai masu ƙarfi da aka auna wanda aka nuna a hoto 9.
An auna madaukai masu ƙarfi: (a) sashe na 1/5: Bm = 0.044735 T, (b) sashe 1/5: fm = 1000 Hz, (c) sashe 2/4: Bm = 0.05955 T, (d) sashe 2/ 4: fm = 1000 Hz, (e) sashe na 3: Bm = 0.07228 T, (f) sashe na 3: fm = 1000 Hz.
Dangane da wallafe-wallafen 37, ana iya ƙididdige jimlar asarar Magnetic Pv a kowace juzu'i na sandunan HMM ta amfani da dabara mai zuwa:
inda ABH shine wurin ma'auni akan madaidaicin BH a mitar filin maganadisu fm daidai da mitar halin yanzu f.
Dangane da hanyar rabuwar asarar Bertotti38, asarar maganadisu a kowace raka'a Pm na sandar GMM ana iya bayyana shi azaman jimillar asarar hysteresis Ph, asarar eddy a halin yanzu Pe da asarar ban mamaki Pa (13):
Daga hangen nesa na injiniya38, asara mara kyau da asara na yanzu ana iya haɗa su zuwa kalma ɗaya da ake kira jimlar eddy na yanzu.Don haka, ana iya sauƙaƙa tsarin lissafin asarar kamar haka:
a cikin lissafin.(13) ~ (14) inda Bm shine girman girman ƙarfin maganadisu na filin maganadisu mai ban sha'awa.kh da kc sune ma'aunin asarar hysteresis da jimillar hasara na yanzu.